feat: zig compiler #103
feat: zig compiler #103
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Summary of ChangesHello @jiacai2050, I'm Gemini Code Assist1! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed! 此拉取请求引入了一篇全面深入分析 Zig 编译器内部架构和执行流程的文章。该文章详细阐述了 Zig 独特的懒惰编译和数据导向设计等核心理念，并细致描述了从源代码解析到机器码生成的完整多阶段编译管线。它着重介绍了编译器如何管理中间表示、处理编译期执行以及实现增量编译和自举过程，为理解 Zig 编译器的高效性和灵活性提供了全面的视角。 Highlights
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| ### **4.2 结果位置语义 (Result Location Semantics)** | ||
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| 在将递归的 AST 转换为线性的 ZIR 时，Zig 引入了 **ResultLoc**（结果位置）的概念，以优化数据流向 6。 当 AstGen 遍历一个 AST 节点时，它会向下传递一个 ResultLoc 参数，告诉子节点：“计算完结果后，请直接把数据写入这个位置。” |
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| 在将递归的 AST 转换为线性的 ZIR 时，Zig 引入了 **ResultLoc**（结果位置）的概念，以优化数据流向 6。 当 AstGen 遍历一个 AST 节点时，它会向下传递一个 ResultLoc 参数，告诉子节点：“计算完结果后，请直接把数据写入这个位置。” | |
| 在将递归的 AST 转换为线性的 ZIR �（结果位置）的概念，以优化数据流向 6。当 AstGen 遍历一个 AST 节点时，它会向下传递一个 ResultLoc 参数，告诉子节点：“计算完结果后，请直接把数据写入这个位置。”��数据写入这个位置。” |
| 对于 Debug 构建，Zig 优先使用自研的后端（如 x86\_64, ARM64, WASM 后端）。 | ||
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| * **直接生成**：这些后端直接将 AIR 转换为二进制机器码，跳过了生成 LLVM IR 的过程。 | ||
| * **速度优势**：由于省去了庞大的中间层，自举后端的编译速度通常比 LLVM 后端快数倍，极大地提升了开发时的“修改-编译-运行”循环效率 11。 |
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| * **速度优势**：由于省去了庞大的中间层，自举后端的编译速度通常比 LLVM 后端快数倍，极大地提升了开发时的“修改-编译-运行”循环效率 11。 | |
| * **速度：由于省去了庞大的中间层，自举后端的编译速度通常比 LLVM 后端快数倍，极大地提升了开发时的“修改 - 编译 - 运行”循环效率 11。�� 11。 |
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Code Review
This pull request adds a new blog post, a deep dive into the Zig compiler's architecture. The article is very detailed and well-structured, providing a comprehensive overview of Zig's compilation pipeline. My review focuses on improving the language and consistency of the article. I've suggested a few changes to use more formal language and to ensure that the entire article is consistently in Chinese, including the "Works Cited" section. Overall, this is a great contribution.
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| ## **摘要** | ||
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| 这边文章的核心在于剖析 Zig 编译器独特的“懒惰编译”（Lazy Compilation）哲学、数据导向设计（Data-Oriented Design, DOD）在 AST/ZIR/AIR 阶段的具体应用，以及其如何通过统一的 InternPool 结构实现类型与值的同构存储。报告将详细阐述从源码解析到机器码生成的完整流水线，特别关注语义分析阶段（Sema）如何作为解释器与代码生成器的混合体，实现编译期代码执行（Comptime）与运行时指令发射的交织处理。此外，报告还将探讨 Zig 自举（Bootstrapping）过程的理论基础及其增量编译系统的实现原理。 |
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The term "这边文章" is a bit colloquial. For a formal technical article, it's better to use "这篇文章" or "本文", which are more formal ways to say "this article".
本文的核心在于剖析 Zig 编译器独特的“懒惰编译”（Lazy Compilation）哲学、数据导向设计（Data-Oriented Design, DOD）在 AST/ZIR/AIR 阶段的具体应用，以及其如何通过统一的 InternPool 结构实现类型与值的同构存储。报告将详细阐述从源码解析到机器码生成的完整流水线，特别关注语义分析阶段（Sema）如何作为解释器与代码生成器的混合体，实现编译期代码执行（Comptime）与运行时指令发射的交织处理。此外，报告还将探讨 Zig 自举（Bootstrapping）过程的理论基础及其增量编译系统的实现原理。
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| 这种架构不仅使得 Zig 能够拥有媲美脚本语言的元编程能力，同时保持了系统级语言所需的裸机性能与确定性内存控制，为未来的编译器设计提供了一个极具参考价值的理论范本。 | ||
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| #### **Works cited** |
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The article is written in Chinese, but this heading is in English. For consistency, it would be better to use the Chinese equivalent, such as "参考文献".
#### **参考文献**
| 1. How Zig incremental compilation is implemented internally? \- Explain \- Ziggit Dev, accessed January 24, 2026, [https://ziggit.dev/t/how-zig-incremental-compilation-is-implemented-internally/3543](https://ziggit.dev/t/how-zig-incremental-compilation-is-implemented-internally/3543) | ||
| 2. Lazy Dependencies, Best Dependencies? \- Brainstorming \- Ziggit Dev, accessed January 24, 2026, [https://ziggit.dev/t/lazy-dependencies-best-dependencies/5509](https://ziggit.dev/t/lazy-dependencies-best-dependencies/5509) | ||
| 3. Zig Programming Language Compiler & Toolchain | Augment Code, accessed January 24, 2026, [https://www.augmentcode.com/open-source/ziglang/zig](https://www.augmentcode.com/open-source/ziglang/zig) | ||
| 4. perform AstGen on whole files at once (AST-\>ZIR) · Issue \#8516 · ziglang/zig \- GitHub, accessed January 24, 2026, [https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/8516](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/8516) | ||
| 5. How Zig incremental compilation is implemented internally? \- \#2 by mlugg \- Explain \- Ziggit, accessed January 24, 2026, [https://ziggit.dev/t/how-zig-incremental-compilation-is-implemented-internally/3543/2](https://ziggit.dev/t/how-zig-incremental-compilation-is-implemented-internally/3543/2) | ||
| 6. Zig AstGen: AST \=\> ZIR \- Mitchell Hashimoto, accessed January 24, 2026, [https://mitchellh.com/zig/astgen](https://mitchellh.com/zig/astgen) | ||
| 7. Implementation of Comptime \- Explain \- Ziggit, accessed January 24, 2026, [https://ziggit.dev/t/implementation-of-comptime/5041](https://ziggit.dev/t/implementation-of-comptime/5041) | ||
| 8. Zig Sema: ZIR \=\> AIR \- Mitchell Hashimoto, accessed January 24, 2026, [https://mitchellh.com/zig/sema](https://mitchellh.com/zig/sema) | ||
| 9. zig/src/Air.zig at master · ziglang/zig \- GitHub, accessed January 24, 2026, [https://github.com/ziglang/zig/blob/master/src/Air.zig](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/blob/master/src/Air.zig) | ||
| 10. sometimes there is an unwanted memcpy when passing large structs by-value · Issue \#17580 · ziglang/zig \- GitHub, accessed January 24, 2026, [https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/17580](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/17580) | ||
| 11. Stage 2 Proposal: Standardise a binary format for ZIR, and enable compilation to and from this representation · Issue \#5635 · ziglang/zig \- GitHub, accessed January 24, 2026, [https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/5635](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/5635) | ||
| 12. Zig builds are getting faster \- Hacker News, accessed January 24, 2026, [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45468698](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45468698) | ||
| 13. Building self-hosted from the original C++ implementation \- Help \- Ziggit, accessed January 24, 2026, [https://ziggit.dev/t/building-self-hosted-from-the-original-c-implementation/6607](https://ziggit.dev/t/building-self-hosted-from-the-original-c-implementation/6607) | ||
| 14. Bootstrapping (compilers) \- Wikipedia, accessed January 24, 2026, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrapping\_(compilers)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrapping_\(compilers\)) | ||
| 15. Goodbye to the C++ Implementation of Zig \- Zig Programming Language, accessed January 24, 2026, [https://ziglang.org/news/goodbye-cpp/](https://ziglang.org/news/goodbye-cpp/) |
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The "accessed" date in the citations is in English (e.g., accessed January 24, 2026). To maintain language consistency throughout the article, consider translating this part into Chinese. For example, it could be changed to 访问于 2026年1月24日. This change should be applied to all entries in this section for better uniformity.
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Pull request overview
This PR adds a comprehensive technical blog post analyzing the internal architecture and execution flow of the Zig compiler. The article is written in Chinese and covers compiler design philosophy, compilation stages (parsing, AST generation, ZIR, semantic analysis, AIR, code generation, and linking), the InternPool structure, and the bootstrapping process.
Changes:
- Added detailed technical article about Zig compiler internals with sections covering lazy compilation, data-oriented design, and the complete compilation pipeline
- Included Mermaid flowchart diagrams to visualize the compiler execution flow
- Added 15 cited references to external sources about Zig compiler implementation
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| Init --> Discovery | ||
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| subgraph Frontend ["前端处理 (Per File)"] | ||
| Src --> Tokenizer | ||
| Tokenizer --> Parser | ||
| Parser --> AST | ||
| AST --> CacheCheck{Hash 缓存命中?} | ||
| CacheCheck -- Yes --> LoadZIR | ||
| CacheCheck -- No --> AstGen | ||
| AstGen --> ZIR | ||
| ZIR --> SaveCache[存入缓存] | ||
| end | ||
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| Discovery --> AnalyzeRoot |
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Missing "Discovery" node definition. The flowchart references "Discovery" (line 70) as a step after "Init", but this node is never defined in the diagram. This will likely cause the Mermaid diagram to fail rendering or show an incomplete flowchart.
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Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
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