⚙️ Core: Decouple Turing Solvers via Adapter

[fderuiter]

🔧 The Violation: TuringSystem was tightly coupled to TuringSolverStrategy, violating OCP and DRY as it prevented the use of standard ODE solvers like RungeKutta4 without duplicating logic.
🛠️ The Fix: Implemented the Adapter Pattern. Extracted TuringDynamics to implement OdeSystem (centralizing derivative logic) and created StandardSolverAdapter to allow any S: Solver<TuringState> to function as a TuringSolverStrategy.
📉 Debt Reduction: Removed duplicate potential logic for derivative calculation and enabled standard solver reuse.
🧪 Integrity: Logic preserved (verified via test_turing_adapter.rs showing Euler matches Fused Solver), all tests passed.

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PR created automatically by Jules for task 14244186239046676124 started by @fderuiter

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