diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/cmdline.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/cmdline.rs
index bc3957a891..ec78d2aef4 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/cmdline.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/cmdline.rs
@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@ use crate::libs::mutex::MutexGuard;
 use crate::{
     filesystem::{
         procfs::{
+            pid::find_process_by_vpid,
             template::{Builder, FileOps, ProcFileBuilder},
             utils::proc_read,
         },
         vfs::{FilePrivateData, IndexNode, InodeMode},
     },
-    process::{ProcessManager, RawPid},
+    process::RawPid,
 };
 use alloc::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 use system_error::SystemError;
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ impl FileOps for CmdlineFileOps {
         _data: MutexGuard<FilePrivateData>,
     ) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
         // 查找进程
-        let pcb = ProcessManager::find(self.pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
+        let pcb = find_process_by_vpid(self.pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
 
         // 获取 cmdline 字节
         let cmdline_bytes = pcb.cmdline_bytes();
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/exe.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/exe.rs
index a79de94162..d423fecc06 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/exe.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/exe.rs
@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@
 
 use crate::{
     filesystem::{
-        procfs::template::{Builder, ProcSymBuilder, SymOps},
+        procfs::{
+            pid::find_process_by_vpid,
+            template::{Builder, ProcSymBuilder, SymOps},
+        },
         vfs::{IndexNode, InodeMode},
     },
-    process::{ProcessManager, RawPid},
+    process::RawPid,
 };
 use alloc::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 use system_error::SystemError;
@@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ impl ExeSymOps {
 impl SymOps for ExeSymOps {
     fn read_link(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
         // 动态查找进程，获取目标进程的可执行文件路径
-        let pcb = ProcessManager::find(self.pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
+        let pcb = find_process_by_vpid(self.pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
         let exe = pcb.execute_path();
         let exe_bytes = exe.as_bytes();
         let len = exe_bytes.len().min(buf.len());
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/fd.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/fd.rs
index cd79fc033a..f3cecd78cf 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/fd.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/fd.rs
@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@
 
 use crate::{
     filesystem::{
-        procfs::template::{Builder, DirOps, ProcDir, ProcDirBuilder, ProcSymBuilder, SymOps},
+        procfs::{
+            pid::find_process_by_vpid,
+            template::{Builder, DirOps, ProcDir, ProcDirBuilder, ProcSymBuilder, SymOps},
+        },
         vfs::{IndexNode, InodeMode, SpecialNodeData},
     },
-    process::{ProcessControlBlock, ProcessManager, RawPid},
+    process::RawPid,
 };
 use alloc::{
     format,
@@ -25,11 +28,7 @@ pub struct FdDirOps {
 }
 
 impl FdDirOps {
-    pub fn new_inode(
-        process_ref: Arc<ProcessControlBlock>,
-        parent: Weak<dyn IndexNode>,
-    ) -> Arc<dyn IndexNode> {
-        let pid = process_ref.raw_pid();
+    pub fn new_inode(pid: RawPid, parent: Weak<dyn IndexNode>) -> Arc<dyn IndexNode> {
         ProcDirBuilder::new(Self { pid }, InodeMode::from_bits_truncate(0o500)) // dr-x------
             .parent(parent)
             .volatile() // fd 是易失的，因为它们与特定进程关联
@@ -38,8 +37,8 @@ impl FdDirOps {
     }
 
     /// 获取进程引用
-    fn get_process(&self) -> Option<Arc<ProcessControlBlock>> {
-        ProcessManager::find(self.pid)
+    fn get_process(&self) -> Option<Arc<crate::process::ProcessControlBlock>> {
+        find_process_by_vpid(self.pid)
     }
 }
 
@@ -61,6 +60,14 @@ impl DirOps for FdDirOps {
             let fd_table_guard = fd_table.read();
 
             if fd_table_guard.get_file_by_fd(fd).is_none() {
+                let open_fds: Vec<i32> =
+                    fd_table_guard.iter().map(|(open_fd, _)| open_fd).collect();
+                log::warn!(
+                    "procfd lookup miss: pid={} fd={} open_fds={:?}",
+                    self.pid,
+                    fd,
+                    open_fds
+                );
                 return Err(SystemError::ENOENT);
             }
         } // fd_table_guard在这里被释放
@@ -129,7 +136,7 @@ impl FdSymOps {
 impl SymOps for FdSymOps {
     fn read_link(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
         // 动态查找进程
-        let process = ProcessManager::find(self.pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
+        let process = find_process_by_vpid(self.pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
 
         // 先获取文件对象的 clone，然后立即释放 fd_table 锁
         // 避免在持有锁时调用可能获取其他锁的方法（如 absolute_path）
@@ -181,7 +188,7 @@ impl SymOps for FdSymOps {
 
     fn special_node(&self) -> Option<SpecialNodeData> {
         // 动态查找进程
-        let process = ProcessManager::find(self.pid)?;
+        let process = find_process_by_vpid(self.pid)?;
 
         // 获取文件对象
         let file = {
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/fdinfo.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/fdinfo.rs
index f303f5332b..6a68793afe 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/fdinfo.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/fdinfo.rs
@@ -5,10 +5,13 @@
 use crate::libs::mutex::MutexGuard;
 use crate::{
     filesystem::{
-        procfs::template::{Builder, DirOps, FileOps, ProcDir, ProcDirBuilder, ProcFileBuilder},
+        procfs::{
+            pid::find_process_by_vpid,
+            template::{Builder, DirOps, FileOps, ProcDir, ProcDirBuilder, ProcFileBuilder},
+        },
         vfs::{FilePrivateData, IndexNode, InodeMode},
     },
-    process::{ProcessControlBlock, ProcessManager, RawPid},
+    process::RawPid,
 };
 use alloc::{
     string::ToString,
@@ -25,11 +28,7 @@ pub struct FdInfoDirOps {
 }
 
 impl FdInfoDirOps {
-    pub fn new_inode(
-        process_ref: Arc<ProcessControlBlock>,
-        parent: Weak<dyn IndexNode>,
-    ) -> Arc<dyn IndexNode> {
-        let pid = process_ref.raw_pid();
+    pub fn new_inode(pid: RawPid, parent: Weak<dyn IndexNode>) -> Arc<dyn IndexNode> {
         ProcDirBuilder::new(Self { pid }, InodeMode::from_bits_truncate(0o555))
             .parent(parent)
             .volatile()
@@ -38,8 +37,8 @@ impl FdInfoDirOps {
     }
 
     /// 获取进程引用
-    fn get_process(&self) -> Option<Arc<ProcessControlBlock>> {
-        ProcessManager::find(self.pid)
+    fn get_process(&self) -> Option<Arc<crate::process::ProcessControlBlock>> {
+        find_process_by_vpid(self.pid)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/maps.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/maps.rs
index 34de53ed7b..2ffa229442 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/maps.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/maps.rs
@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@ use crate::{
     arch::MMArch,
     filesystem::{
         procfs::{
+            pid::find_process_by_vpid,
             template::{Builder, FileOps, ProcFileBuilder},
             utils::proc_read,
         },
         vfs::{FilePrivateData, IndexNode, InodeMode},
     },
     mm::{ucontext::LockedVMA, MemoryManagementArch, VmFlags},
-    process::{ProcessManager, RawPid},
+    process::RawPid,
 };
 use alloc::{
     format,
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ fn format_dev_inode_and_path(
 
 /// 生成 /proc/[pid]/maps 内容
 fn generate_maps_content(pid: RawPid) -> Result<Vec<u8>, SystemError> {
-    let target_pcb = ProcessManager::find(pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
+    let target_pcb = find_process_by_vpid(pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
 
     let vm = target_pcb.basic().user_vm().ok_or(SystemError::EINVAL)?;
     let root_prefix = target_pcb
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/mod.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/mod.rs
index 1da77b0c42..26d97de75b 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/mod.rs
@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ use statm::StatmFileOps;
 use status::StatusFileOps;
 use task::TaskDirOps;
 
+pub(super) fn find_process_by_vpid(pid: RawPid) -> Option<Arc<ProcessControlBlock>> {
+    ProcessManager::find_task_by_vpid(pid)
+}
+
 /// /proc/[pid] 目录的 DirOps 实现
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct PidDirOps {
@@ -58,7 +62,7 @@ impl PidDirOps {
 
     /// 获取进程引用
     fn get_process(&self) -> Option<Arc<ProcessControlBlock>> {
-        ProcessManager::find(self.pid)
+        find_process_by_vpid(self.pid)
     }
 
     /// 静态条目表
@@ -94,8 +98,8 @@ impl PidDirOps {
         ("exe", |ops, parent| ExeSymOps::new_inode(ops.pid, parent)),
         ("fd", |ops, parent| {
             // fd 目录仍然需要进程引用来列出文件描述符
-            if let Some(process) = ops.get_process() {
-                FdDirOps::new_inode(process, parent)
+            if ops.get_process().is_some() {
+                FdDirOps::new_inode(ops.pid, parent)
             } else {
                 // 进程已退出，创建空目录
                 use crate::filesystem::procfs::template::ProcDirBuilder;
@@ -124,8 +128,8 @@ impl PidDirOps {
         }),
         ("fdinfo", |ops, parent| {
             // fdinfo 目录也需要进程引用来列出文件描述符
-            if let Some(process) = ops.get_process() {
-                FdInfoDirOps::new_inode(process, parent)
+            if ops.get_process().is_some() {
+                FdInfoDirOps::new_inode(ops.pid, parent)
             } else {
                 // 进程已退出，创建空目录
                 use crate::filesystem::procfs::template::ProcDirBuilder;
@@ -157,7 +161,7 @@ impl PidDirOps {
 
 impl DirOps for PidDirOps {
     fn owner(&self) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
-        let pcb = ProcessManager::find(self.pid)?;
+        let pcb = find_process_by_vpid(self.pid)?;
         if pcb.is_kthread() {
             return Some((0, 0));
         }
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/ns.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/ns.rs
index 017011b825..ef2e44627a 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/ns.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/ns.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use crate::libs::mutex::MutexGuard;
 use crate::{
     filesystem::{
         procfs::{
+            pid::find_process_by_vpid,
             template::{Builder, DirOps, ProcDir, ProcDirBuilder, ProcSymBuilder, SymOps},
             thread_self::NsFileType,
         },
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::{
     },
     process::{
         namespace::{nsproxy::NamespaceId, NamespaceOps},
-        ProcessManager, RawPid,
+        RawPid,
     },
 };
 use alloc::{
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ use system_error::SystemError;
 
 /// 获取指定进程的命名空间 ID
 fn get_pid_ns_ino(pid: RawPid, ns_type: NsFileType) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
-    let pcb = ProcessManager::find(pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
+    let pcb = find_process_by_vpid(pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
     let nsproxy = pcb.nsproxy();
 
     let ino: NamespaceId = match ns_type {
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ impl DirOps for NsDirOps {
         let ns_type = NsFileType::try_from(name)?;
 
         // 检查进程是否存在
-        if ProcessManager::find(self.pid).is_none() {
+        if find_process_by_vpid(self.pid).is_none() {
             return Err(SystemError::ESRCH);
         }
 
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ impl DirOps for NsDirOps {
 
     fn populate_children(&self, dir: &ProcDir<Self>) {
         // 检查进程是否存在
-        if ProcessManager::find(self.pid).is_none() {
+        if find_process_by_vpid(self.pid).is_none() {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ impl SymOps for NsSymOps {
     fn open(&self, data: &mut MutexGuard<FilePrivateData>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
         // 当打开命名空间文件时，设置命名空间私有数据
         // 这使得 setns() 可以使用这个 fd
-        let pcb = ProcessManager::find(self.pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
+        let pcb = find_process_by_vpid(self.pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
         let nsproxy = pcb.nsproxy();
 
         let ns_data = match self.ns_type {
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/stat.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/stat.rs
index b58b50da51..c4f3fb79c1 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/stat.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/stat.rs
@@ -9,13 +9,14 @@ use crate::{
     arch::MMArch,
     filesystem::{
         procfs::{
+            pid::find_process_by_vpid,
             template::{Builder, FileOps, ProcFileBuilder},
             utils::proc_read,
         },
         vfs::{FilePrivateData, IndexNode, InodeMode},
     },
     mm::MemoryManagementArch,
-    process::{pid::PidType, ProcessControlBlock, ProcessManager, ProcessState, RawPid},
+    process::{pid::PidType, ProcessControlBlock, ProcessState, RawPid},
     sched::{cputime::ns_to_clock_t, prio::PrioUtil},
 };
 use alloc::{
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ impl FileOps for StatFileOps {
         buf: &mut [u8],
         _data: MutexGuard<FilePrivateData>,
     ) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
-        let pcb = ProcessManager::find(self.pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
+        let pcb = find_process_by_vpid(self.pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
 
         let comm = pcb.basic().name().to_string();
         let sched = pcb.sched_info();
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/statm.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/statm.rs
index 10d0796eca..c7dd15198f 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/statm.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/statm.rs
@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@ use crate::{
     arch::MMArch,
     filesystem::{
         procfs::{
+            pid::find_process_by_vpid,
             template::{Builder, FileOps, ProcFileBuilder},
             utils::proc_read,
         },
         vfs::{FilePrivateData, IndexNode, InodeMode},
     },
     mm::MemoryManagementArch,
-    process::{ProcessManager, RawPid},
+    process::RawPid,
 };
 use alloc::{
     format,
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ impl FileOps for StatmFileOps {
         _data: MutexGuard<FilePrivateData>,
     ) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
         // 查找进程
-        let pcb = ProcessManager::find(self.pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
+        let pcb = find_process_by_vpid(self.pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
 
         // 获取进程内存信息（简化实现）
         let size_pages = pcb
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/status.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/status.rs
index 6e64e2da79..b80548e0e3 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/status.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/status.rs
@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@ use crate::libs::mutex::MutexGuard;
 use crate::{
     filesystem::{
         procfs::{
+            pid::find_process_by_vpid,
             template::{Builder, FileOps, ProcFileBuilder},
             utils::{proc_read, trim_string},
         },
         vfs::{FilePrivateData, IndexNode, InodeMode},
     },
-    process::{ProcessManager, RawPid},
+    process::RawPid,
 };
 use alloc::{
     borrow::ToOwned,
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ impl StatusFileOps {
     /// 生成 status 文件内容
     fn generate_status_content(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, SystemError> {
         // 动态查找进程，确保获取最新状态
-        let pcb = ProcessManager::find(self.pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
+        let pcb = find_process_by_vpid(self.pid).ok_or(SystemError::ESRCH)?;
         let mut pdata = Vec::new();
 
         // Name
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/task.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/task.rs
index 8643d65409..069f01cb89 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/task.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/pid/task.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 use crate::{
     filesystem::{
         procfs::{
-            pid::stat::StatFileOps,
+            pid::{find_process_by_vpid, stat::StatFileOps},
             template::{
                 lookup_child_from_table, populate_children_from_table, DirOps, ProcDir,
                 ProcDirBuilder,
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use crate::{
         },
         vfs::{IndexNode, InodeMode},
     },
-    process::{ProcessManager, RawPid},
+    process::RawPid,
 };
 use alloc::{
     string::ToString,
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl DirOps for TaskDirOps {
         }
 
         // 检查进程是否存在
-        if ProcessManager::find(self.pid).is_none() {
+        if find_process_by_vpid(self.pid).is_none() {
             return Err(SystemError::ESRCH);
         }
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl DirOps for TaskDirOps {
 
     fn populate_children(&self, dir: &ProcDir<Self>) {
         // 检查进程是否存在
-        if ProcessManager::find(self.pid).is_none() {
+        if find_process_by_vpid(self.pid).is_none() {
             return;
         }
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/root.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/root.rs
index 95ee404bd4..d32c6beef9 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/root.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/procfs/root.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use crate::{
         },
         vfs::{FileSystemMakerData, IndexNode, InodeMode, FSMAKER},
     },
-    process::{ProcessManager, RawPid},
+    process::{pid::PidType, ProcessManager, RawPid},
     register_mountable_fs,
 };
 use alloc::{
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl DirOps for RootDirOps {
         // 首先检查是否是 PID 目录
         if let Ok(pid) = name.parse::<RawPid>() {
             // 检查进程是否存在
-            if ProcessManager::find(pid).is_some() {
+            if ProcessManager::find_task_by_vpid(pid).is_some() {
                 let mut cached_children = dir.cached_children().write();
 
                 // 检查缓存中是否已存在
@@ -118,16 +118,14 @@ impl DirOps for RootDirOps {
     }
 
     fn populate_children(&self, dir: &ProcDir<Self>) {
-        // 先收集进程 PID，然后立即释放进程表锁
-        let pid_list = {
-            let all_processes = crate::process::all_process().lock_irqsave();
-            if let Some(process_map) = all_processes.as_ref() {
-                process_map.keys().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>()
-            } else {
-                Vec::new()
-            }
-        };
-        // 进程表锁已经释放
+        let active_pid_ns = ProcessManager::current_pcb().active_pid_ns();
+        let pid_list = active_pid_ns
+            .collect_pids()
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter(|pid| pid.pid_task(PidType::PID).is_some())
+            .map(|pid| pid.pid_nr_ns(&active_pid_ns))
+            .filter(|pid| pid.data() != 0)
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
         // 获取缓存写锁并填充
         let mut cached_children = dir.cached_children().write();