From 4974f508680526b759cfacb11fb1743d52df0ff2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Armode <72744344+Armode@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2024 00:02:52 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 1/8] invert.spi --- .github/workflows/dart.yml | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/dart.yml b/.github/workflows/dart.yml index 919662d..6dcded9 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/dart.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/dart.yml @@ -1,18 +1,38 @@ -name: Dart CI +name: Invert.spi +<<<<<<< HEAD +on:"dart.yml" + branches:"main" + pull_request: + branches: [ "main"] +======= on: - branches: master + branches: "main" pull_request: - branches: [ master DART CI] + branches: [ "main" +>>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 +<<<<<<< HEAD +jobs:cluster data +======= jobs: {invert} +>>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 +<<<<<<< HEAD + build:Invert +======= build: {spi} +>>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 runs on: Circle CI +<<<<<<< HEAD + container:master + +======= container: {circle ci} +>>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 image: google/dart:latest steps:ADB(DART.API){CRYSTALSHARD/} From 32fb53ef3250a4040e95c7b31283c8158712d6c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Armode <72744344+Armode@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2024 06:33:12 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 2/8] syn --- .github/workflows/dart.yml | 17 +++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/dart.yml b/.github/workflows/dart.yml index 6dcded9..bf025bd 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/dart.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/dart.yml @@ -13,24 +13,24 @@ on: >>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 <<<<<<< HEAD -jobs:cluster data +jobs:((cluster-file-data)) ======= jobs: {invert} >>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 -<<<<<<< HEAD - build:Invert +<<{<<<<< HEAD + build: "invert" ======= - build: {spi} + build: "spiral" >>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 - runs on: Circle CI +runs on: super-linter.yml} -<<<<<<< HEAD - container:master +{<<<<< HEAD} + container:"master" ======= - container: {circle ci} + container: "spiral" >>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 image: google/dart:latest @@ -41,3 +41,4 @@ jobs:cluster data run: pub get - name: Run tests run: pub run test +} \ No newline at end of file From 250dde53c613a3554933e4a69636f2b512d9e88d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Armode <72744344+Armode@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2024 06:33:34 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 3/8] log# modified: .github/workflows/dart.yml --- .github/workflows/dart.yml | 31 +++++++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/dart.yml b/.github/workflows/dart.yml index bf025bd..32d3186 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/dart.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/dart.yml @@ -1,44 +1,43 @@ name: Invert.spi - -<<<<<<< HEAD on:"dart.yml" branches:"main" pull_request: - branches: [ "main"] + branches: "master" ======= on: - branches: "main" - pull_request: + branches: "master" + pull_request: "git pull" branches: [ "main" >>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 <<<<<<< HEAD -jobs:((cluster-file-data)) +jobs: : {spiral} ======= jobs: {invert} >>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 <<{<<<<< HEAD - build: "invert" + build: "{nvert} ======= - build: "spiral" + build: {spiral} >>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 -runs on: super-linter.yml} +runs on: Dart.SPI {<<<<< HEAD} - container:"master" + container: "spiral" ======= - container: "spiral" + container: ({invert}) >>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 image: google/dart:latest - steps:ADB(DART.API){CRYSTALSHARD/} - - uses: actions/checkout@v2 - - name: Install dependencies - run: pub get + steps:${(DART.SPI){Invert/}} + - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - name: spiral + run: "dart.spi" - name: Run tests - run: pub run test + run: launch + } \ No newline at end of file From 6d9d043e9bc7bda1b00061d29e19dba40b4724df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Armode <72744344+Armode@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2024 11:11:03 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 4/8] ascii --- --LOG-FILE=[invert.spi] | 248 +++++++++++ : and | 903 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ascii | 18 + dart.api | 137 ++++++ esc-space | 248 +++++++++++ ssh | 903 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ syn | 138 ++++++ 7 files changed, 2595 insertions(+) create mode 100644 --LOG-FILE=[invert.spi] create mode 100644 : and create mode 100644 ascii create mode 100644 dart.api create mode 100644 esc-space create mode 100644 ssh create mode 100644 syn diff --git a/--LOG-FILE=[invert.spi] b/--LOG-FILE=[invert.spi] new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8f78ad --- /dev/null +++ b/--LOG-FILE=[invert.spi] @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ + + SSUUMMMMAARRYY OOFF LLEESSSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS + + Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, _N. + Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if _N is given. + A key preceded by a caret indicates the Ctrl key; thus ^K is ctrl-K. + + h H Display this help. + q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + MMOOVVIINNGG + + e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or _N lines). + y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or _N lines). + f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or _N lines). + b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or _N lines). + z * Forward one window (and set window to _N). + w * Backward one window (and set window to _N). + ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file. + d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). + u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). + ESC-) RightArrow * Right one half screen width (or _N positions). + ESC-( LeftArrow * Left one half screen width (or _N positions). + ESC-} ^RightArrow Right to last column displayed. + ESC-{ ^LeftArrow Left to first column. + F Forward forever; like "tail -f". + ESC-F Like F but stop when search pattern is found. + r ^R ^L Repaint screen. + R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input. + --------------------------------------------------- + Default "window" is the screen height. + Default "half-window" is half of the screen height. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + SSEEAARRCCHHIINNGG + + /_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search forward for (_N-th) matching line. + ?_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search backward for (_N-th) matching line. + n * Repeat previous search (for _N-th occurrence). + N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction. + ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files. + ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files. + ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting. + &_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Display only matching lines + --------------------------------------------------- + A search pattern may begin with one or more of: + ^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines. + ^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE). + ^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?). + ^K Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position). + ^R Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + JJUUMMPPIINNGG + + g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line _N). + G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line _N). + p % * Go to beginning of file (or _N percent into file). + t * Go to the (_N-th) next tag. + T * Go to the (_N-th) previous tag. + { ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ]. + } ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [. + ESC-^F _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find close bracket _<_c_2_>. + ESC-^B _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find open bracket _<_c_1_> + --------------------------------------------------- + Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket + matching the (_N-th) open bracket in the top line. + Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket + matching the (_N-th) close bracket in the bottom line. + + m_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current top line with . + M_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current bottom line with . + '_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Go to a previously marked position. + '' Go to the previous position. + ^X^X Same as '. + ESC-M_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Clear a mark. + --------------------------------------------------- + A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter. + Certain marks are predefined: + ^ means beginning of the file + $ means end of the file + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + CCHHAANNGGIINNGG FFIILLEESS + + :e [_f_i_l_e] Examine a new file. + ^X^V Same as :e. + :n * Examine the (_N-th) next file from the command line. + :p * Examine the (_N-th) previous file from the command line. + :x * Examine the first (or _N-th) file from the command line. + :d Delete the current file from the command line list. + = ^G :f Print current file name. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + MMIISSCCEELLLLAANNEEOOUUSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS + + -_<_f_l_a_g_> Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below]. + --_<_n_a_m_e_> Toggle a command line option, by name. + __<_f_l_a_g_> Display the setting of a command line option. + ___<_n_a_m_e_> Display the setting of an option, by name. + +_c_m_d Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined. + + !_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute the shell command with $SHELL. + |XX_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Pipe file between current pos & mark XX to shell command. + s _f_i_l_e Save input to a file. + v Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR. + V Print version number of "less". + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + OOPPTTIIOONNSS + + Most options may be changed either on the command line, + or from within less by using the - or -- command. + Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single + character preceded by a -, or a name preceded by --. + + -? ........ --help + Display help (from command line). + -a ........ --search-skip-screen + Search skips current screen. + -A ........ --SEARCH-SKIP-SCREEN + Search starts just after target line. + -b [_N] .... --buffers=[_N] + Number of buffers. + -B ........ --auto-buffers + Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes. + -c ........ --clear-screen + Repaint by clearing rather than scrolling. + -d ........ --dumb + Dumb terminal. + -D [_x_n_._n] . --color=_x_n_._n + Set screen colors. (MS-DOS only) + -e -E .... --quit-at-eof --QUIT-AT-EOF + Quit at end of file. + -f ........ --force + Force open non-regular files. + -F ........ --quit-if-one-screen + Quit if entire file fits on first screen. + -g ........ --hilite-search + Highlight only last match for searches. + -G ........ --HILITE-SEARCH + Don't highlight any matches for searches. + -h [_N] .... --max-back-scroll=[_N] + Backward scroll limit. + -i ........ --ignore-case + Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase. + -I ........ --IGNORE-CASE + Ignore case in all searches. + -j [_N] .... --jump-target=[_N] + Screen position of target lines. + -J ........ --status-column + Display a status column at left edge of screen. + -k [_f_i_l_e] . --lesskey-file=[_f_i_l_e] + Use a lesskey file. + -K ........ --quit-on-intr + Exit less in response to ctrl-C. + -L ........ --no-lessopen + Ignore the LESSOPEN environment variable. + -m -M .... --long-prompt --LONG-PROMPT + Set prompt style. + -n -N .... --line-numbers --LINE-NUMBERS + Don't use line numbers. + -o [_f_i_l_e] . --log-file=[_f_i_l_e] + Copy to log file (standard input only). + -O [_f_i_l_e] . --LOG-FILE=[_f_i_l_e] + Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite). + -p [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] --pattern=[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] + Start at pattern (from command line). + -P [_p_r_o_m_p_t] --prompt=[_p_r_o_m_p_t] + Define new prompt. + -q -Q .... --quiet --QUIET --silent --SILENT + Quiet the terminal bell. + -r -R .... --raw-control-chars --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS + Output "raw" control characters. + -s ........ --squeeze-blank-lines + Squeeze multiple blank lines. + -S ........ --chop-long-lines + Chop (truncate) long lines rather than wrapping. + -t [_t_a_g] .. --tag=[_t_a_g] + Find a tag. + -T [_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] --tag-file=[_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] + Use an alternate tags file. + -u -U .... --underline-special --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL + Change handling of backspaces. + -V ........ --version + Display the version number of "less". + -w ........ --hilite-unread + Highlight first new line after forward-screen. + -W ........ --HILITE-UNREAD + Highlight first new line after any forward movement. + -x [_N[,...]] --tabs=[_N[,...]] + Set tab stops. + -X ........ --no-init + Don't use termcap init/deinit strings. + -y [_N] .... --max-forw-scroll=[_N] + Forward scroll limit. + -z [_N] .... --window=[_N] + Set size of window. + -" [_c[_c]] . --quotes=[_c[_c]] + Set shell quote characters. + -~ ........ --tilde + Don't display tildes after end of file. + -# [_N] .... --shift=[_N] + Horizontal scroll amount (0 = one half screen width) + --follow-name + The F command changes files if the input file is renamed. + --mouse + Enable mouse input. + --no-keypad + Don't send termcap keypad init/deinit strings. + --no-histdups + Remove duplicates from command history. + --rscroll=C + Set the character used to mark truncated lines. + --save-marks + Retain marks across invocations of less. + --use-backslash + Subsequent options use backslash as escape char. + --wheel-lines=N + Each click of the mouse wheel moves N lines. + + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + LLIINNEE EEDDIITTIINNGG + + These keys can be used to edit text being entered + on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen. + + RightArrow ..................... ESC-l ... Move cursor right one character. + LeftArrow ...................... ESC-h ... Move cursor left one character. + ctrl-RightArrow ESC-RightArrow ESC-w ... Move cursor right one word. + ctrl-LeftArrow ESC-LeftArrow ESC-b ... Move cursor left one word. + HOME ........................... ESC-0 ... Move cursor to start of line. + END ............................ ESC-$ ... Move cursor to end of line. + BACKSPACE ................................ Delete char to left of cursor. + DELETE ......................... ESC-x ... Delete char under cursor. + ctrl-BACKSPACE ESC-BACKSPACE ........... Delete word to left of cursor. + ctrl-DELETE .... ESC-DELETE .... ESC-X ... Delete word under cursor. + ctrl-U ......... ESC (MS-DOS only) ....... Delete entire line. + UpArrow ........................ ESC-k ... Retrieve previous command line. + DownArrow ...................... ESC-j ... Retrieve next command line. + TAB ...................................... Complete filename & cycle. + SHIFT-TAB ...................... ESC-TAB Complete filename & reverse cycle. + ctrl-L ................................... Complete filename, list all. + + diff --git a/: and b/: and new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e46d6d --- /dev/null +++ b/: and @@ -0,0 +1,903 @@ +MAN(1) Manual pager utils MAN(1) + +NNAAMMEE + man - an interface to the system reference manu‐ + als + +SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS + mmaann [_m_a_n _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] [[_s_e_c_t_i_o_n] _p_a_g_e ...] ... + mmaann --kk [_a_p_r_o_p_o_s _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _r_e_g_e_x_p ... + mmaann --KK [_m_a_n _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] [_s_e_c_t_i_o_n] _t_e_r_m ... + mmaann --ff [_w_h_a_t_i_s _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _p_a_g_e ... + mmaann --ll [_m_a_n _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _f_i_l_e ... + mmaann --ww|--WW [_m_a_n _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _p_a_g_e ... + +DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN + mmaann is the system's manual pager. Each _p_a_g_e ar‐ + gument given to mmaann is normally the name of a + program, utility or function. The _m_a_n_u_a_l _p_a_g_e + associated with each of these arguments is then + found and displayed. A _s_e_c_t_i_o_n, if provided, + will direct mmaann to look only in that _s_e_c_t_i_o_n of + the manual. The default action is to search in + all of the available _s_e_c_t_i_o_n_s following a pre-de‐ + fined order (see DDEEFFAAUULLTTSS), and to show only the + first _p_a_g_e found, even if _p_a_g_e exists in several + _s_e_c_t_i_o_n_s. + + The table below shows the _s_e_c_t_i_o_n numbers of the + manual followed by the types of pages they con‐ + tain. + + 1 Executable programs or shell commands + 2 System calls (functions provided by the ker‐ + nel) + 3 Library calls (functions within program li‐ + braries) + 4 Special files (usually found in _/_d_e_v) + 5 File formats and conventions, e.g. + _/_e_t_c_/_p_a_s_s_w_d + 6 Games + 7 Miscellaneous (including macro packages and + conventions), e.g. mmaann(7), ggrrooffff(7) + 8 System administration commands (usually only + for root) + 9 Kernel routines [Non standard] + + A manual _p_a_g_e consists of several sections. + + Conventional section names include NNAAMMEE, SSYYNNOOPP‐‐ + SSIISS, CCOONNFFIIGGUURRAATTIIOONN, DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN, OOPPTTIIOONNSS, + EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS, RREETTUURRNN VVAALLUUEE, EERRRROORRSS, EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT, + FFIILLEESS, VVEERRSSIIOONNSS, CCOONNFFOORRMMIINNGG TTOO, NNOOTTEESS, BBUUGGSS, EEXX‐‐ + AAMMPPLLEE, AAUUTTHHOORRSS, and SSEEEE AALLSSOO. + + The following conventions apply to the SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS + section and can be used as a guide in other sec‐ + tions. + + bboolldd tteexxtt type exactly as shown. + _i_t_a_l_i_c _t_e_x_t replace with appropriate argu‐ + ment. + + [--aabbcc] any or all arguments within [ + ] are optional. + --aa|--bb options delimited by | cannot + be used together. + _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ... _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is repeatable. + [_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n] ... entire _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n within [ ] + is repeatable. + + Exact rendering may vary depending on the output + device. For instance, man will usually not be + able to render italics when running in a termi‐ + nal, and will typically use underlined or + coloured text instead. + + The command or function illustration is a pattern + that should match all possible invocations. In + some cases it is advisable to illustrate several + exclusive invocations as is shown in the SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS + section of this manual page. + +EEXXAAMMPPLLEESS + mmaann _l_s + Display the manual page for the _i_t_e_m (pro‐ + gram) _l_s. + + mmaann _m_a_n._7 + Display the manual page for macro package _m_a_n + from section _7. (This is an alternative + spelling of "mmaann _7 _m_a_n".) + + mmaann ''_m_a_n(_7)' + Display the manual page for macro package _m_a_n + from section _7. (This is another alternative + spelling of "mmaann _7 _m_a_n". It may be more con‐ + venient when copying and pasting cross-refer‐ + ences to manual pages. Note that the paren‐ + theses must normally be quoted to protect + them from the shell.) + + mmaann --aa _i_n_t_r_o + Display, in succession, all of the available + _i_n_t_r_o manual pages contained within the man‐ + ual. It is possible to quit between succes‐ + sive displays or skip any of them. + + mmaann --tt _b_a_s_h | _l_p_r _-_P_p_s + Format the manual page for _b_a_s_h into the de‐ + fault ttrrooffff or ggrrooffff format and pipe it to + the printer named _p_s. The default output for + ggrrooffff is usually PostScript. mmaann ----hheellpp + should advise as to which processor is bound + to the --tt option. + + mmaann --ll --TT_d_v_i _._/_f_o_o_._1_x_._g_z >> _._/_f_o_o_._1_x_._d_v_i + This command will decompress and format the + nroff source manual page _._/_f_o_o_._1_x_._g_z into a + ddeevviiccee iinnddeeppeennddeenntt ((ddvvii)) file. The redirect‐ + ion is necessary as the --TT flag causes output + to be directed to ssttddoouutt with no pager. The + output could be viewed with a program such as + xxddvvii or further processed into PostScript us‐ + ing a program such as ddvviippss. + + mmaann --kk _p_r_i_n_t_f + Search the short descriptions and manual page + names for the keyword _p_r_i_n_t_f as regular ex‐ + pression. Print out any matches. Equivalent + to aapprrooppooss _p_r_i_n_t_f.. + + mmaann --ff _s_m_a_i_l + Lookup the manual pages referenced by _s_m_a_i_l + and print out the short descriptions of any + found. Equivalent to wwhhaattiiss _s_m_a_i_l.. + +OOVVEERRVVIIEEWW + Many options are available to mmaann in order to + give as much flexibility as possible to the user. + Changes can be made to the search path, section + order, output processor, and other behaviours and + operations detailed below. + + If set, various environment variables are inter‐ + rogated to determine the operation of mmaann. It is + possible to set the "catch-all" variable $MMAANNOOPPTT + to any string in command line format, with the + exception that any spaces used as part of an op‐ + tion's argument must be escaped (preceded by a + backslash). mmaann will parse $MMAANNOOPPTT prior to + parsing its own command line. Those options re‐ + quiring an argument will be overridden by the + same options found on the command line. To reset + all of the options set in $MMAANNOOPPTT, --DD can be + specified as the initial command line option. + This will allow man to "forget" about the options + specified in $MMAANNOOPPTT, although they must still + have been valid. + + Manual pages are normally stored in nnrrooffff(1) for‐ + mat under a directory such as _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e_/_m_a_n. In + some installations, there may also be preformat‐ + ted _c_a_t _p_a_g_e_s to improve performance. See mmaann‐‐ + ppaatthh(5) for details of where these files are + stored. + + This package supports manual pages in multiple + languages, controlled by your _l_o_c_a_l_e. If your + system did not set this up for you automatically, + then you may need to set $LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS, $LLAANNGG, or + another system-dependent environment variable to + indicate your preferred locale, usually specified + in the PPOOSSIIXX format: + + <_l_a_n_g_u_a_g_e>[__<_t_e_r_r_i_t_o_r_y>[..<_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_-_s_e_t>[,,<_v_e_r_‐ + _s_i_o_n>]]] + + If the desired page is available in your _l_o_c_a_l_e, + it will be displayed in lieu of the standard + (usually American English) page. + + If you find that the translations supplied with + this package are not available in your native + language and you would like to supply them, + please contact the maintainer who will be coordi‐ + nating such activity. + + Individual manual pages are normally written and + maintained by the maintainers of the program, + function, or other topic that they document, and + are not included with this package. If you find + that a manual page is missing or inadequate, + please report that to the maintainers of the + package in question. + + For information regarding other features and ex‐ + tensions available with this manual pager, please + read the documents supplied with the package. + +DDEEFFAAUULLTTSS + The order of sections to search may be overridden + by the environment variable $MMAANNSSEECCTT or by the + SSEECCTTIIOONN directive in _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_n_p_a_t_h_._c_o_n_f_i_g. By de‐ + fault it is as follows: + + 1 n l 8 3 2 3posix 3pm 3perl 3am 5 4 9 6 7 + + The formatted manual page is displayed using a + _p_a_g_e_r. This can be specified in a number of + ways, or else will fall back to a default (see + option --PP for details). + + The filters are deciphered by a number of means. + Firstly, the command line option --pp or the envi‐ + ronment variable $MMAANNRROOFFFFSSEEQQ is interrogated. If + --pp was not used and the environment variable was + not set, the initial line of the nroff file is + parsed for a preprocessor string. To contain a + valid preprocessor string, the first line must + resemble + + ''\\"" + + where ssttrriinngg can be any combination of letters + described by option --pp below. + + If none of the above methods provide any filter + information, a default set is used. + + A formatting pipeline is formed from the filters + and the primary formatter (nnrrooffff or [ttgg]rrooffff with + --tt) and executed. Alternatively, if an exe‐ + cutable program _m_a_n_d_b___n_f_m_t (or _m_a_n_d_b___t_f_m_t with + --tt) exists in the man tree root, it is executed + instead. It gets passed the manual source file, + the preprocessor string, and optionally the de‐ + vice specified with --TT or --EE as arguments. + +OOPPTTIIOONNSS + Non-argument options that are duplicated either + on the command line, in $MMAANNOOPPTT, or both, are not + harmful. For options that require an argument, + each duplication will override the previous argu‐ + ment value. + + GGeenneerraall ooppttiioonnss + --CC _f_i_l_e, ----ccoonnffiigg--ffiillee==_f_i_l_e + Use this user configuration file rather + than the default of _~_/_._m_a_n_p_a_t_h. + + --dd, ----ddeebbuugg + Print debugging information. + + --DD, ----ddeeffaauulltt + This option is normally issued as the very + first option and resets mmaann''ss behaviour to + its default. Its use is to reset those + options that may have been set in $MMAANNOOPPTT. + Any options that follow --DD will have their + usual effect. + + ----wwaarrnniinnggss[=_w_a_r_n_i_n_g_s] + Enable warnings from _g_r_o_f_f. This may be + used to perform sanity checks on the + source text of manual pages. _w_a_r_n_i_n_g_s is + a comma-separated list of warning names; + if it is not supplied, the default is + "mac". See the “Warnings” node in iinnffoo + ggrrooffff for a list of available warning + names. + + MMaaiinn mmooddeess ooff ooppeerraattiioonn + --ff, ----wwhhaattiiss + Equivalent to wwhhaattiiss. Display a short de‐ + scription from the manual page, if avail‐ + able. See wwhhaattiiss(1) for details. + + --kk, ----aapprrooppooss + Equivalent to aapprrooppooss. Search the short + manual page descriptions for keywords and + display any matches. See aapprrooppooss(1) for + details. + + --KK, ----gglloobbaall--aapprrooppooss + Search for text in all manual pages. This + is a brute-force search, and is likely to + take some time; if you can, you should + specify a section to reduce the number of + pages that need to be searched. Search + terms may be simple strings (the default), + or regular expressions if the ----rreeggeexx op‐ + tion is used. + + Note that this searches the _s_o_u_r_c_e_s of the + manual pages, not the rendered text, and + so may include false positives due to + things like comments in source files. + Searching the rendered text would be much + slower. + + --ll, ----llooccaall--ffiillee + Activate "local" mode. Format and display + local manual files instead of searching + through the system's manual collection. + Each manual page argument will be inter‐ + preted as an nroff source file in the cor‐ + rect format. No cat file is produced. If + '-' is listed as one of the arguments, in‐ + put will be taken from stdin. When this + option is not used, and man fails to find + the page required, before displaying the + error message, it attempts to act as if + this option was supplied, using the name + as a filename and looking for an exact + match. + + --ww, ----wwhheerree, ----ppaatthh, ----llooccaattiioonn + Don't actually display the manual page, + but do print the location of the source + nroff file that would be formatted. If + the --aa option is also used, then print the + locations of all source files that match + the search criteria. + + --WW, ----wwhheerree--ccaatt, ----llooccaattiioonn--ccaatt + Don't actually display the manual page, + but do print the location of the prefor‐ + matted cat file that would be displayed. + If the --aa option is also used, then print + the locations of all preformatted cat + files that match the search criteria. + + If --ww and --WW are both used, then print + both source file and cat file separated by + a space. If all of --ww, --WW, and --aa are + used, then do this for each possible + match. + + --cc, ----ccaattmmaann + This option is not for general use and + should only be used by the ccaattmmaann program. + + --RR _e_n_c_o_d_i_n_g, ----rreeccooddee=_e_n_c_o_d_i_n_g + Instead of formatting the manual page in + the usual way, output its source converted + to the specified _e_n_c_o_d_i_n_g. If you already + know the encoding of the source file, you + can also use mmaannccoonnvv(1) directly. How‐ + ever, this option allows you to convert + several manual pages to a single encoding + without having to explicitly state the en‐ + coding of each, provided that they were + already installed in a structure similar + to a manual page hierarchy. + + Consider using mmaann--rreeccooddee(1) instead for + converting multiple manual pages, since it + has an interface designed for bulk conver‐ + sion and so can be much faster. + + FFiinnddiinngg mmaannuuaall ppaaggeess + --LL _l_o_c_a_l_e, ----llooccaallee==_l_o_c_a_l_e + mmaann will normally determine your current + locale by a call to the C function sseettlloo‐‐ + ccaallee(3) which interrogates various envi‐ + ronment variables, possibly including + $LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS and $LLAANNGG. To temporarily + override the determined value, use this + option to supply a _l_o_c_a_l_e string directly + to mmaann. Note that it will not take effect + until the search for pages actually be‐ + gins. Output such as the help message + will always be displayed in the initially + determined locale. + + --mm _s_y_s_t_e_m[,...], ----ssyysstteemmss==_s_y_s_t_e_m[,...] + If this system has access to other operat‐ + ing system's manual pages, they can be ac‐ + cessed using this option. To search for a + manual page from NewOS's manual page col‐ + lection, use the option --mm NNeewwOOSS. + + The _s_y_s_t_e_m specified can be a combination + of comma delimited operating system names. + To include a search of the native operat‐ + ing system's manual pages, include the + system name mmaann in the argument string. + This option will override the $SSYYSSTTEEMM en‐ + vironment variable. + + --MM _p_a_t_h, ----mmaannppaatthh==_p_a_t_h + Specify an alternate manpath to use. By + default, mmaann uses mmaannppaatthh derived code to + determine the path to search. This option + overrides the $MMAANNPPAATTHH environment vari‐ + able and causes option --mm to be ignored. + + A path specified as a manpath must be the + root of a manual page hierarchy structured + into sections as described in the man-db + manual (under "The manual page system"). + To view manual pages outside such hierar‐ + chies, see the --ll option. + + --SS _l_i_s_t, --ss _l_i_s_t, ----sseeccttiioonnss==_l_i_s_t + The given _l_i_s_t is a colon- or comma-sepa‐ + rated list of sections, used to determine + which manual sections to search and in + what order. This option overrides the + $MMAANNSSEECCTT environment variable. (The --ss + spelling is for compatibility with System + V.) + + --ee _s_u_b_-_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n, ----eexxtteennssiioonn==_s_u_b_-_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n + Some systems incorporate large packages of + manual pages, such as those that accompany + the TTccll package, into the main manual page + hierarchy. To get around the problem of + having two manual pages with the same name + such as eexxiitt(3), the TTccll pages were usu‐ + ally all assigned to section ll. As this + is unfortunate, it is now possible to put + the pages in the correct section, and to + assign a specific "extension" to them, in + this case, eexxiitt(3tcl). Under normal oper‐ + ation, mmaann will display eexxiitt(3) in prefer‐ + ence to eexxiitt(3tcl). To negotiate this + situation and to avoid having to know + which section the page you require resides + in, it is now possible to give mmaann a _s_u_b_- + _e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n string indicating which package + the page must belong to. Using the above + example, supplying the option --ee ttccll to + mmaann will restrict the search to pages hav‐ + ing an extension of **ttccll. + + --ii, ----iiggnnoorree--ccaassee + Ignore case when searching for manual + pages. This is the default. + + --II, ----mmaattcchh--ccaassee + Search for manual pages case-sensitively. + + ----rreeggeexx + Show all pages with any part of either + their names or their descriptions matching + each _p_a_g_e argument as a regular expres‐ + sion, as with aapprrooppooss(1). Since there is + usually no reasonable way to pick a "best" + page when searching for a regular expres‐ + sion, this option implies --aa. + + ----wwiillddccaarrdd + Show all pages with any part of either + their names or their descriptions matching + each _p_a_g_e argument using shell-style wild‐ + cards, as with aapprrooppooss(1) ----wwiillddccaarrdd. The + _p_a_g_e argument must match the entire name + or description, or match on word bound‐ + aries in the description. Since there is + usually no reasonable way to pick a "best" + page when searching for a wildcard, this + option implies --aa. + + ----nnaammeess--oonnllyy + If the ----rreeggeexx or ----wwiillddccaarrdd option is + used, match only page names, not page de‐ + scriptions, as with wwhhaattiiss(1). Otherwise, + no effect. + + --aa, ----aallll + By default, mmaann will exit after displaying + the most suitable manual page it finds. + Using this option forces mmaann to display + all the manual pages with names that match + the search criteria. + + --uu, ----uuppddaattee + This option causes mmaann to update its data‐ + base caches of installed manual pages. + This is only needed in rare situations, + and it is normally better to run mmaannddbb(8) + instead. + + ----nnoo--ssuubbppaaggeess + By default, mmaann will try to interpret + pairs of manual page names given on the + command line as equivalent to a single + manual page name containing a hyphen or an + underscore. This supports the common pat‐ + tern of programs that implement a number + of subcommands, allowing them to provide + manual pages for each that can be accessed + using similar syntax as would be used to + invoke the subcommands themselves. For + example: + + $ man -aw git diff + /usr/share/man/man1/git-diff.1.gz + + To disable this behaviour, use the + ----nnoo--ssuubbppaaggeess option. + + $ man -aw --no-subpages git diff + /usr/share/man/man1/git.1.gz + /usr/share/man/man3/Git.3pm.gz + /usr/share/man/man1/diff.1.gz + + CCoonnttrroolllliinngg ffoorrmmaatttteedd oouuttppuutt + --PP _p_a_g_e_r, ----ppaaggeerr==_p_a_g_e_r + Specify which output pager to use. By de‐ + fault, mmaann uses ppaaggeerr, falling back to ccaatt + if ppaaggeerr is not found or is not exe‐ + cutable. This option overrides the $MMAANN‐‐ + PPAAGGEERR environment variable, which in turn + overrides the $PPAAGGEERR environment variable. + It is not used in conjunction with --ff or + --kk. + + The value may be a simple command name or + a command with arguments, and may use + shell quoting (backslashes, single quotes, + or double quotes). It may not use pipes + to connect multiple commands; if you need + that, use a wrapper script, which may take + the file to display either as an argument + or on standard input. + + --rr _p_r_o_m_p_t, ----pprroommpptt==_p_r_o_m_p_t + If a recent version of lleessss is used as the + pager, mmaann will attempt to set its prompt + and some sensible options. The default + prompt looks like + + MMaannuuaall ppaaggee _n_a_m_e((_s_e_c)) lliinnee _x + + where _n_a_m_e denotes the manual page name, + _s_e_c denotes the section it was found under + and _x the current line number. This is + achieved by using the $LLEESSSS environment + variable. + + Supplying --rr with a string will override + this default. The string may contain the + text $$MMAANN__PPNN which will be expanded to the + name of the current manual page and its + section name surrounded by "(" and ")". + The string used to produce the default + could be expressed as + + \\ MMaannuuaall\\ ppaaggee\\ \\$$MMAANN__PPNN\\ ??lltt‐‐ + lliinnee\\ %%lltt??LL//%%LL..:: + bbyyttee\\ %%bbBB??ss//%%ss....??\\ ((EENNDD))::??ppBB\\ %%ppBB\\\\%%.... + ((pprreessss hh ffoorr hheellpp oorr qq ttoo qquuiitt)) + + It is broken into three lines here for the + sake of readability only. For its meaning + see the lleessss(1) manual page. The prompt + string is first evaluated by the shell. + All double quotes, back-quotes and back‐ + slashes in the prompt must be escaped by a + preceding backslash. The prompt string + may end in an escaped $ which may be fol‐ + lowed by further options for less. By de‐ + fault mmaann sets the --iixx88 options. + + The $MMAANNLLEESSSS environment variable de‐ + scribed below may be used to set a default + prompt string if none is supplied on the + command line. + + --77, ----aasscciiii + When viewing a pure _a_s_c_i_i(7) manual page + on a 7 bit terminal or terminal emulator, + some characters may not display correctly + when using the _l_a_t_i_n_1(7) device descrip‐ + tion with GGNNUU nnrrooffff. This option allows + pure _a_s_c_i_i manual pages to be displayed in + _a_s_c_i_i with the _l_a_t_i_n_1 device. It will not + translate any _l_a_t_i_n_1 text. The following + table shows the translations performed: + some parts of it may only be displayed + properly when using GGNNUU nnrrooffff's _l_a_t_i_n_1(7) + device. + + Description Octal latin1 ascii + ───────────────────────────────────── + continua‐ 255 ‐ - + tion hyphen + bullet 267 • o + (middle + dot) + + acute ac‐ 264 ´ ' + cent + multiplica‐ 327 × x + tion sign + + If the _l_a_t_i_n_1 column displays correctly, + your terminal may be set up for _l_a_t_i_n_1 + characters and this option is not neces‐ + sary. If the _l_a_t_i_n_1 and _a_s_c_i_i columns are + identical, you are reading this page using + this option or mmaann did not format this + page using the _l_a_t_i_n_1 device description. + If the _l_a_t_i_n_1 column is missing or cor‐ + rupt, you may need to view manual pages + with this option. + + This option is ignored when using options + --tt, --HH, --TT, or --ZZ and may be useless for + nnrrooffff other than GGNNUU''ss. + + --EE _e_n_c_o_d_i_n_g, ----eennccooddiinngg=_e_n_c_o_d_i_n_g + Generate output for a character encoding + other than the default. For backward com‐ + patibility, _e_n_c_o_d_i_n_g may be an nnrrooffff de‐ + vice such as aasscciiii, llaattiinn11, or uuttff88 as + well as a true character encoding such as + UUTTFF--88. + + ----nnoo--hhyypphheennaattiioonn, ----nnhh + Normally, nnrrooffff will automatically hyphen‐ + ate text at line breaks even in words that + do not contain hyphens, if it is necessary + to do so to lay out words on a line with‐ + out excessive spacing. This option dis‐ + ables automatic hyphenation, so words will + only be hyphenated if they already contain + hyphens. + + If you are writing a manual page and sim‐ + ply want to prevent nnrrooffff from hyphenating + a word at an inappropriate point, do not + use this option, but consult the nnrrooffff + documentation instead; for instance, you + can put "\%" inside a word to indicate + that it may be hyphenated at that point, + or put "\%" at the start of a word to pre‐ + vent it from being hyphenated. + + ----nnoo--jjuussttiiffiiccaattiioonn, ----nnjj + Normally, nnrrooffff will automatically justify + text to both margins. This option dis‐ + ables full justification, leaving justi‐ + fied only to the left margin, sometimes + called "ragged-right" text. + + If you are writing a manual page and sim‐ + ply want to prevent nnrrooffff from justifying + certain paragraphs, do not use this op‐ + tion, but consult the nnrrooffff documentation + instead; for instance, you can use the + ".na", ".nf", ".fi", and ".ad" requests to + temporarily disable adjusting and filling. + + --pp _s_t_r_i_n_g, ----pprreepprroocceessssoorr==_s_t_r_i_n_g + Specify the sequence of preprocessors to + run before nnrrooffff or ttrrooffff/ggrrooffff. Not all + installations will have a full set of pre‐ + processors. Some of the preprocessors and + the letters used to designate them are: + eeqqnn (ee), ggrraapp (gg), ppiicc (pp), ttbbll (tt), + vvggrriinndd (vv), rreeffeerr (rr). This option over‐ + rides the $MMAANNRROOFFFFSSEEQQ environment vari‐ + able. zzssooeelliimm is always run as the very + first preprocessor. + + --tt, ----ttrrooffff + Use _g_r_o_f_f _-_m_a_n_d_o_c to format the manual + page to stdout. This option is not re‐ + quired in conjunction with --HH, --TT, or --ZZ. + + --TT[_d_e_v_i_c_e], ----ttrrooffff--ddeevviiccee[=_d_e_v_i_c_e] + This option is used to change ggrrooffff (or + possibly ttrrooffff''ss) output to be suitable + for a device other than the default. It + implies --tt. Examples (provided with + Groff-1.17) include ddvvii, llaattiinn11, ppss, uuttff88, + XX7755 and XX110000. + + --HH[_b_r_o_w_s_e_r], ----hhttmmll[=_b_r_o_w_s_e_r] + This option will cause ggrrooffff to produce + HTML output, and will display that output + in a web browser. The choice of browser + is determined by the optional _b_r_o_w_s_e_r ar‐ + gument if one is provided, by the $BBRROOWWSSEERR + environment variable, or by a compile-time + default if that is unset (usually llyynnxx). + This option implies --tt, and will only work + with GGNNUU ttrrooffff. + + --XX[_d_p_i], ----ggxxddiittvviieeww[=_d_p_i] + This option displays the output of ggrrooffff + in a graphical window using the ggxxddiittvviieeww + program. The _d_p_i (dots per inch) may be + 75, 75-12, 100, or 100-12, defaulting to + 75; the -12 variants use a 12-point base + font. This option implies --TT with the + X75, X75-12, X100, or X100-12 device re‐ + spectively. + + --ZZ, ----ddiittrrooffff + ggrrooffff will run ttrrooffff and then use an ap‐ + propriate post-processor to produce output + suitable for the chosen device. If _g_r_o_f_f + _-_m_a_n_d_o_c is ggrrooffff, this option is passed to + ggrrooffff and will suppress the use of a post- + processor. It implies --tt. + + GGeettttiinngg hheellpp + --??, ----hheellpp + Print a help message and exit. + + ----uussaaggee + Print a short usage message and exit. + + --VV, ----vveerrssiioonn + Display version information. + +EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS + 00 Successful program execution. + + 11 Usage, syntax or configuration file error. + + 22 Operational error. + + 33 A child process returned a non-zero exit + status. + + 1166 At least one of the pages/files/keywords + didn't exist or wasn't matched. + +EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT + MMAANNPPAATTHH + If $MMAANNPPAATTHH is set, its value is used as + the path to search for manual pages. + + MMAANNRROOFFFFOOPPTT + Every time mmaann invokes the formatter + (nnrrooffff, ttrrooffff, or ggrrooffff), it adds the con‐ + tents of $MMAANNRROOFFFFOOPPTT to the formatter's + command line. + + MMAANNRROOFFFFSSEEQQ + If $MMAANNRROOFFFFSSEEQQ is set, its value is used + to determine the set of preprocessors to + pass each manual page through. The de‐ + fault preprocessor list is system depen‐ + dent. + + MMAANNSSEECCTT + If $MMAANNSSEECCTT is set, its value is a colon- + delimited list of sections and it is used + to determine which manual sections to + search and in what order. The default is + "1 n l 8 3 2 3posix 3pm 3perl 3am 5 4 9 6 + 7", unless overridden by the SSEECCTTIIOONN di‐ + rective in _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_n_p_a_t_h_._c_o_n_f_i_g. + + MMAANNPPAAGGEERR, PPAAGGEERR + If $MMAANNPPAAGGEERR or $PPAAGGEERR is set ($MMAANNPPAAGGEERR + is used in preference), its value is used + as the name of the program used to display + the manual page. By default, ppaaggeerr is + used, falling back to ccaatt if ppaaggeerr is not + found or is not executable. + + The value may be a simple command name or + a command with arguments, and may use + shell quoting (backslashes, single quotes, + or double quotes). It may not use pipes + to connect multiple commands; if you need + that, use a wrapper script, which may take + the file to display either as an argument + or on standard input. + + MMAANNLLEESSSS + If $MMAANNLLEESSSS is set, its value will be used + as the default prompt string for the lleessss + pager, as if it had been passed using the + --rr option (so any occurrences of the text + $$MMAANN__PPNN will be expanded in the same way). + For example, if you want to set the prompt + string unconditionally to “my prompt + string”, set $MMAANNLLEESSSS to + ‘--PPssmmyy pprroommpptt ssttrriinngg’. Using the --rr op‐ + tion overrides this environment variable. + + BBRROOWWSSEERR + If $BBRROOWWSSEERR is set, its value is a colon- + delimited list of commands, each of which + in turn is used to try to start a web + browser for mmaann ----hhttmmll. In each command, + _%_s is replaced by a filename containing + the HTML output from ggrrooffff, _%_% is replaced + by a single percent sign (%), and _%_c is + replaced by a colon (:). + + SSYYSSTTEEMM If $SSYYSSTTEEMM is set, it will have the same + effect as if it had been specified as the + argument to the --mm option. + + MMAANNOOPPTT If $MMAANNOOPPTT is set, it will be parsed prior + to mmaann''ss command line and is expected to + be in a similar format. As all of the + other mmaann specific environment variables + can be expressed as command line options, + and are thus candidates for being included + in $MMAANNOOPPTT it is expected that they will + become obsolete. N.B. All spaces that + should be interpreted as part of an op‐ + tion's argument must be escaped. + + MMAANNWWIIDDTTHH + If $MMAANNWWIIDDTTHH is set, its value is used as + the line length for which manual pages + should be formatted. If it is not set, + manual pages will be formatted with a line + length appropriate to the current terminal + (using the value of $CCOOLLUUMMNNSS, and iiooccttll(2) + if available, or falling back to 80 char‐ + acters if neither is available). Cat + pages will only be saved when the default + formatting can be used, that is when the + terminal line length is between 66 and 80 + characters. + + MMAANN__KKEEEEPP__FFOORRMMAATTTTIINNGG + Normally, when output is not being di‐ + rected to a terminal (such as to a file or + a pipe), formatting characters are dis‐ + carded to make it easier to read the re‐ + sult without special tools. However, if + $MMAANN__KKEEEEPP__FFOORRMMAATTTTIINNGG is set to any non- + empty value, these formatting characters + are retained. This may be useful for + wrappers around mmaann that can interpret + formatting characters. + + MMAANN__KKEEEEPP__SSTTDDEERRRR + Normally, when output is being directed to + a terminal (usually to a pager), any error + output from the command used to produce + formatted versions of manual pages is dis‐ + carded to avoid interfering with the + pager's display. Programs such as ggrrooffff + often produce relatively minor error mes‐ + sages about typographical problems such as + poor alignment, which are unsightly and + generally confusing when displayed along + with the manual page. However, some users + want to see them anyway, so, if + $MMAANN__KKEEEEPP__SSTTDDEERRRR is set to any non-empty + value, error output will be displayed as + usual. + + LLAANNGG, LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS + Depending on system and implementation, + either or both of $LLAANNGG and $LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS + will be interrogated for the current mes‐ + sage locale. mmaann will display its mes‐ + sages in that locale (if available). See + sseettllooccaallee(3) for precise details. + +FFIILLEESS + _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_n_p_a_t_h_._c_o_n_f_i_g + man-db configuration file. + + _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e_/_m_a_n + A global manual page hierarchy. + +SSEEEE AALLSSOO + aapprrooppooss(1), ggrrooffff(1), lleessss(1), mmaannppaatthh(1), + nnrrooffff(1), ttrrooffff(1), wwhhaattiiss(1), zzssooeelliimm(1), mmaann‐‐ + ppaatthh(5), mmaann(7), ccaattmmaann(8), mmaannddbb(8) + + Documentation for some packages may be available + in other formats, such as iinnffoo(1) or HTML. + +HHIISSTTOORRYY + 1990, 1991 – Originally written by John W. Eaton + (jwe@che.utexas.edu). + + Dec 23 1992: Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) applied + bug fixes supplied by Willem Kasdorp + (wkasdo@nikhefk.nikef.nl). + + 30th April 1994 – 23rd February 2000: Wilf. + (G.Wilford@ee.surrey.ac.uk) has been developing + and maintaining this package with the help of a + few dedicated people. + + 30th October 1996 – 30th March 2001: Fabrizio Po‐ + lacco maintained and en‐ + hanced this package for the Debian project, with + the help of all the community. + + 31st March 2001 – present day: Colin Watson + is now developing and main‐ + taining man-db. + +2.9.1 2020-02-25 MAN(1) diff --git a/ascii b/ascii new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5fc4595 --- /dev/null +++ b/ascii @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + SSUUMMMMAARRYY OOFF LLEESSSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS + + Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, _N. + Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if _N is given. + A key preceded by a caret indicates the Ctrl key; thus ^K is ctrl-K. + + h H Display this help. + q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + MMOOVVIINNGG + + e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or _N lines). + y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or _N lines). + f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or _N lines). + b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or _N lines). + z * Forward one window (and set window to _N). diff --git a/dart.api b/dart.api new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84fb318 --- /dev/null +++ b/dart.api @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ + + SSUUMMMMAARRYY OOFF LLEESSSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS + + Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, _N. + Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if _N is given. + A key preceded by a caret indicates the Ctrl key; thus ^K is ctrl-K. + + h H Display this help. + q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + MMOOVVIINNGG + + e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or _N lines). + y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or _N lines). + f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or _N lines). + b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or _N lines). + z * Forward one window (and set window to _N). + w * Backward one window (and set window to _N). + ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file. + d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). + u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). + ESC-) RightArrow * Right one half screen width (or _N positions). + ESC-( LeftArrow * Left one half screen width (or _N positions). + ESC-} ^RightArrow Right to last column displayed. + ESC-{ ^LeftArrow Left to first column. + F Forward forever; like "tail -f". + ESC-F Like F but stop when search pattern is found. + r ^R ^L Repaint screen. + R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input. + --------------------------------------------------- + Default "window" is the screen height. + Default "half-window" is half of the screen height. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + SSEEAARRCCHHIINNGG + + /_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search forward for (_N-th) matching line. + ?_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search backward for (_N-th) matching line. + n * Repeat previous search (for _N-th occurrence). + N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction. + ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files. + ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files. + ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting. + &_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Display only matching lines + --------------------------------------------------- + A search pattern may begin with one or more of: + ^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines. + ^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE). + ^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?). + ^K Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position). + ^R Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + JJUUMMPPIINNGG + + g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line _N). + G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line _N). + p % * Go to beginning of file (or _N percent into file). + t * Go to the (_N-th) next tag. + T * Go to the (_N-th) previous tag. + { ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ]. + } ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [. + ESC-^F _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find close bracket _<_c_2_>. + ESC-^B _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find open bracket _<_c_1_> + --------------------------------------------------- + Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket + matching the (_N-th) open bracket in the top line. + Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket + matching the (_N-th) close bracket in the bottom line. + + m_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current top line with . + M_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current bottom line with . + '_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Go to a previously marked position. + '' Go to the previous position. + ^X^X Same as '. + ESC-M_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Clear a mark. + --------------------------------------------------- + A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter. + Certain marks are predefined: + ^ means beginning of the file + $ means end of the file + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + CCHHAANNGGIINNGG FFIILLEESS + + :e [_f_i_l_e] Examine a new file. + ^X^V Same as :e. + :n * Examine the (_N-th) next file from the command line. + :p * Examine the (_N-th) previous file from the command line. + :x * Examine the first (or _N-th) file from the command line. + :d Delete the current file from the command line list. + = ^G :f Print current file name. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + MMIISSCCEELLLLAANNEEOOUUSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS + + -_<_f_l_a_g_> Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below]. + --_<_n_a_m_e_> Toggle a command line option, by name. + __<_f_l_a_g_> Display the setting of a command line option. + ___<_n_a_m_e_> Display the setting of an option, by name. + +_c_m_d Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined. + + !_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute the shell command with $SHELL. + |XX_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Pipe file between current pos & mark XX to shell command. + s _f_i_l_e Save input to a file. + v Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR. + V Print version number of "less". + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + OOPPTTIIOONNSS + + Most options may be changed either on the command line, + or from within less by using the - or -- command. + Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single + character preceded by a -, or a name preceded by --. + + -? ........ --help + Display help (from command line). + -a ........ --search-skip-screen + Search skips current screen. + -A ........ --SEARCH-SKIP-SCREEN + Search starts just after target line. + -b [_N] .... --buffers=[_N] + Number of buffers. + -B ........ --auto-buffers + Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes. + -c ........ --clear-screen + Repaint by clearing rather than scrolling. + -d ........ --dumb + Dumb terminal. + -D [_x_n_._n] . --color=_x_n_._n + Set screen colors. (MS-DOS only) + -e -E .... --quit-at-eof --QUIT-AT-EOF + Quit at end of file. + -f ........ --force + Force open non-regular files. diff --git a/esc-space b/esc-space new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8f78ad --- /dev/null +++ b/esc-space @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ + + SSUUMMMMAARRYY OOFF LLEESSSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS + + Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, _N. + Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if _N is given. + A key preceded by a caret indicates the Ctrl key; thus ^K is ctrl-K. + + h H Display this help. + q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + MMOOVVIINNGG + + e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or _N lines). + y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or _N lines). + f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or _N lines). + b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or _N lines). + z * Forward one window (and set window to _N). + w * Backward one window (and set window to _N). + ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file. + d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). + u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). + ESC-) RightArrow * Right one half screen width (or _N positions). + ESC-( LeftArrow * Left one half screen width (or _N positions). + ESC-} ^RightArrow Right to last column displayed. + ESC-{ ^LeftArrow Left to first column. + F Forward forever; like "tail -f". + ESC-F Like F but stop when search pattern is found. + r ^R ^L Repaint screen. + R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input. + --------------------------------------------------- + Default "window" is the screen height. + Default "half-window" is half of the screen height. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + SSEEAARRCCHHIINNGG + + /_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search forward for (_N-th) matching line. + ?_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search backward for (_N-th) matching line. + n * Repeat previous search (for _N-th occurrence). + N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction. + ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files. + ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files. + ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting. + &_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Display only matching lines + --------------------------------------------------- + A search pattern may begin with one or more of: + ^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines. + ^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE). + ^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?). + ^K Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position). + ^R Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + JJUUMMPPIINNGG + + g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line _N). + G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line _N). + p % * Go to beginning of file (or _N percent into file). + t * Go to the (_N-th) next tag. + T * Go to the (_N-th) previous tag. + { ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ]. + } ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [. + ESC-^F _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find close bracket _<_c_2_>. + ESC-^B _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find open bracket _<_c_1_> + --------------------------------------------------- + Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket + matching the (_N-th) open bracket in the top line. + Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket + matching the (_N-th) close bracket in the bottom line. + + m_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current top line with . + M_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current bottom line with . + '_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Go to a previously marked position. + '' Go to the previous position. + ^X^X Same as '. + ESC-M_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Clear a mark. + --------------------------------------------------- + A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter. + Certain marks are predefined: + ^ means beginning of the file + $ means end of the file + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + CCHHAANNGGIINNGG FFIILLEESS + + :e [_f_i_l_e] Examine a new file. + ^X^V Same as :e. + :n * Examine the (_N-th) next file from the command line. + :p * Examine the (_N-th) previous file from the command line. + :x * Examine the first (or _N-th) file from the command line. + :d Delete the current file from the command line list. + = ^G :f Print current file name. + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + MMIISSCCEELLLLAANNEEOOUUSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS + + -_<_f_l_a_g_> Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below]. + --_<_n_a_m_e_> Toggle a command line option, by name. + __<_f_l_a_g_> Display the setting of a command line option. + ___<_n_a_m_e_> Display the setting of an option, by name. + +_c_m_d Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined. + + !_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute the shell command with $SHELL. + |XX_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Pipe file between current pos & mark XX to shell command. + s _f_i_l_e Save input to a file. + v Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR. + V Print version number of "less". + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + OOPPTTIIOONNSS + + Most options may be changed either on the command line, + or from within less by using the - or -- command. + Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single + character preceded by a -, or a name preceded by --. + + -? ........ --help + Display help (from command line). + -a ........ --search-skip-screen + Search skips current screen. + -A ........ --SEARCH-SKIP-SCREEN + Search starts just after target line. + -b [_N] .... --buffers=[_N] + Number of buffers. + -B ........ --auto-buffers + Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes. + -c ........ --clear-screen + Repaint by clearing rather than scrolling. + -d ........ --dumb + Dumb terminal. + -D [_x_n_._n] . --color=_x_n_._n + Set screen colors. (MS-DOS only) + -e -E .... --quit-at-eof --QUIT-AT-EOF + Quit at end of file. + -f ........ --force + Force open non-regular files. + -F ........ --quit-if-one-screen + Quit if entire file fits on first screen. + -g ........ --hilite-search + Highlight only last match for searches. + -G ........ --HILITE-SEARCH + Don't highlight any matches for searches. + -h [_N] .... --max-back-scroll=[_N] + Backward scroll limit. + -i ........ --ignore-case + Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase. + -I ........ --IGNORE-CASE + Ignore case in all searches. + -j [_N] .... --jump-target=[_N] + Screen position of target lines. + -J ........ --status-column + Display a status column at left edge of screen. + -k [_f_i_l_e] . --lesskey-file=[_f_i_l_e] + Use a lesskey file. + -K ........ --quit-on-intr + Exit less in response to ctrl-C. + -L ........ --no-lessopen + Ignore the LESSOPEN environment variable. + -m -M .... --long-prompt --LONG-PROMPT + Set prompt style. + -n -N .... --line-numbers --LINE-NUMBERS + Don't use line numbers. + -o [_f_i_l_e] . --log-file=[_f_i_l_e] + Copy to log file (standard input only). + -O [_f_i_l_e] . --LOG-FILE=[_f_i_l_e] + Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite). + -p [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] --pattern=[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] + Start at pattern (from command line). + -P [_p_r_o_m_p_t] --prompt=[_p_r_o_m_p_t] + Define new prompt. + -q -Q .... --quiet --QUIET --silent --SILENT + Quiet the terminal bell. + -r -R .... --raw-control-chars --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS + Output "raw" control characters. + -s ........ --squeeze-blank-lines + Squeeze multiple blank lines. + -S ........ --chop-long-lines + Chop (truncate) long lines rather than wrapping. + -t [_t_a_g] .. --tag=[_t_a_g] + Find a tag. + -T [_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] --tag-file=[_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] + Use an alternate tags file. + -u -U .... --underline-special --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL + Change handling of backspaces. + -V ........ --version + Display the version number of "less". + -w ........ --hilite-unread + Highlight first new line after forward-screen. + -W ........ --HILITE-UNREAD + Highlight first new line after any forward movement. + -x [_N[,...]] --tabs=[_N[,...]] + Set tab stops. + -X ........ --no-init + Don't use termcap init/deinit strings. + -y [_N] .... --max-forw-scroll=[_N] + Forward scroll limit. + -z [_N] .... --window=[_N] + Set size of window. + -" [_c[_c]] . --quotes=[_c[_c]] + Set shell quote characters. + -~ ........ --tilde + Don't display tildes after end of file. + -# [_N] .... --shift=[_N] + Horizontal scroll amount (0 = one half screen width) + --follow-name + The F command changes files if the input file is renamed. + --mouse + Enable mouse input. + --no-keypad + Don't send termcap keypad init/deinit strings. + --no-histdups + Remove duplicates from command history. + --rscroll=C + Set the character used to mark truncated lines. + --save-marks + Retain marks across invocations of less. + --use-backslash + Subsequent options use backslash as escape char. + --wheel-lines=N + Each click of the mouse wheel moves N lines. + + + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + + LLIINNEE EEDDIITTIINNGG + + These keys can be used to edit text being entered + on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen. + + RightArrow ..................... ESC-l ... Move cursor right one character. + LeftArrow ...................... ESC-h ... Move cursor left one character. + ctrl-RightArrow ESC-RightArrow ESC-w ... Move cursor right one word. + ctrl-LeftArrow ESC-LeftArrow ESC-b ... Move cursor left one word. + HOME ........................... ESC-0 ... Move cursor to start of line. + END ............................ ESC-$ ... Move cursor to end of line. + BACKSPACE ................................ Delete char to left of cursor. + DELETE ......................... ESC-x ... Delete char under cursor. + ctrl-BACKSPACE ESC-BACKSPACE ........... Delete word to left of cursor. + ctrl-DELETE .... ESC-DELETE .... ESC-X ... Delete word under cursor. + ctrl-U ......... ESC (MS-DOS only) ....... Delete entire line. + UpArrow ........................ ESC-k ... Retrieve previous command line. + DownArrow ...................... ESC-j ... Retrieve next command line. + TAB ...................................... Complete filename & cycle. + SHIFT-TAB ...................... ESC-TAB Complete filename & reverse cycle. + ctrl-L ................................... Complete filename, list all. + + diff --git a/ssh b/ssh new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e46d6d --- /dev/null +++ b/ssh @@ -0,0 +1,903 @@ +MAN(1) Manual pager utils MAN(1) + +NNAAMMEE + man - an interface to the system reference manu‐ + als + +SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS + mmaann [_m_a_n _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] [[_s_e_c_t_i_o_n] _p_a_g_e ...] ... + mmaann --kk [_a_p_r_o_p_o_s _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _r_e_g_e_x_p ... + mmaann --KK [_m_a_n _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] [_s_e_c_t_i_o_n] _t_e_r_m ... + mmaann --ff [_w_h_a_t_i_s _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _p_a_g_e ... + mmaann --ll [_m_a_n _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _f_i_l_e ... + mmaann --ww|--WW [_m_a_n _o_p_t_i_o_n_s] _p_a_g_e ... + +DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN + mmaann is the system's manual pager. Each _p_a_g_e ar‐ + gument given to mmaann is normally the name of a + program, utility or function. The _m_a_n_u_a_l _p_a_g_e + associated with each of these arguments is then + found and displayed. A _s_e_c_t_i_o_n, if provided, + will direct mmaann to look only in that _s_e_c_t_i_o_n of + the manual. The default action is to search in + all of the available _s_e_c_t_i_o_n_s following a pre-de‐ + fined order (see DDEEFFAAUULLTTSS), and to show only the + first _p_a_g_e found, even if _p_a_g_e exists in several + _s_e_c_t_i_o_n_s. + + The table below shows the _s_e_c_t_i_o_n numbers of the + manual followed by the types of pages they con‐ + tain. + + 1 Executable programs or shell commands + 2 System calls (functions provided by the ker‐ + nel) + 3 Library calls (functions within program li‐ + braries) + 4 Special files (usually found in _/_d_e_v) + 5 File formats and conventions, e.g. + _/_e_t_c_/_p_a_s_s_w_d + 6 Games + 7 Miscellaneous (including macro packages and + conventions), e.g. mmaann(7), ggrrooffff(7) + 8 System administration commands (usually only + for root) + 9 Kernel routines [Non standard] + + A manual _p_a_g_e consists of several sections. + + Conventional section names include NNAAMMEE, SSYYNNOOPP‐‐ + SSIISS, CCOONNFFIIGGUURRAATTIIOONN, DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN, OOPPTTIIOONNSS, + EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS, RREETTUURRNN VVAALLUUEE, EERRRROORRSS, EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT, + FFIILLEESS, VVEERRSSIIOONNSS, CCOONNFFOORRMMIINNGG TTOO, NNOOTTEESS, BBUUGGSS, EEXX‐‐ + AAMMPPLLEE, AAUUTTHHOORRSS, and SSEEEE AALLSSOO. + + The following conventions apply to the SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS + section and can be used as a guide in other sec‐ + tions. + + bboolldd tteexxtt type exactly as shown. + _i_t_a_l_i_c _t_e_x_t replace with appropriate argu‐ + ment. + + [--aabbcc] any or all arguments within [ + ] are optional. + --aa|--bb options delimited by | cannot + be used together. + _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t ... _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is repeatable. + [_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n] ... entire _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n within [ ] + is repeatable. + + Exact rendering may vary depending on the output + device. For instance, man will usually not be + able to render italics when running in a termi‐ + nal, and will typically use underlined or + coloured text instead. + + The command or function illustration is a pattern + that should match all possible invocations. In + some cases it is advisable to illustrate several + exclusive invocations as is shown in the SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS + section of this manual page. + +EEXXAAMMPPLLEESS + mmaann _l_s + Display the manual page for the _i_t_e_m (pro‐ + gram) _l_s. + + mmaann _m_a_n._7 + Display the manual page for macro package _m_a_n + from section _7. (This is an alternative + spelling of "mmaann _7 _m_a_n".) + + mmaann ''_m_a_n(_7)' + Display the manual page for macro package _m_a_n + from section _7. (This is another alternative + spelling of "mmaann _7 _m_a_n". It may be more con‐ + venient when copying and pasting cross-refer‐ + ences to manual pages. Note that the paren‐ + theses must normally be quoted to protect + them from the shell.) + + mmaann --aa _i_n_t_r_o + Display, in succession, all of the available + _i_n_t_r_o manual pages contained within the man‐ + ual. It is possible to quit between succes‐ + sive displays or skip any of them. + + mmaann --tt _b_a_s_h | _l_p_r _-_P_p_s + Format the manual page for _b_a_s_h into the de‐ + fault ttrrooffff or ggrrooffff format and pipe it to + the printer named _p_s. The default output for + ggrrooffff is usually PostScript. mmaann ----hheellpp + should advise as to which processor is bound + to the --tt option. + + mmaann --ll --TT_d_v_i _._/_f_o_o_._1_x_._g_z >> _._/_f_o_o_._1_x_._d_v_i + This command will decompress and format the + nroff source manual page _._/_f_o_o_._1_x_._g_z into a + ddeevviiccee iinnddeeppeennddeenntt ((ddvvii)) file. The redirect‐ + ion is necessary as the --TT flag causes output + to be directed to ssttddoouutt with no pager. The + output could be viewed with a program such as + xxddvvii or further processed into PostScript us‐ + ing a program such as ddvviippss. + + mmaann --kk _p_r_i_n_t_f + Search the short descriptions and manual page + names for the keyword _p_r_i_n_t_f as regular ex‐ + pression. Print out any matches. Equivalent + to aapprrooppooss _p_r_i_n_t_f.. + + mmaann --ff _s_m_a_i_l + Lookup the manual pages referenced by _s_m_a_i_l + and print out the short descriptions of any + found. Equivalent to wwhhaattiiss _s_m_a_i_l.. + +OOVVEERRVVIIEEWW + Many options are available to mmaann in order to + give as much flexibility as possible to the user. + Changes can be made to the search path, section + order, output processor, and other behaviours and + operations detailed below. + + If set, various environment variables are inter‐ + rogated to determine the operation of mmaann. It is + possible to set the "catch-all" variable $MMAANNOOPPTT + to any string in command line format, with the + exception that any spaces used as part of an op‐ + tion's argument must be escaped (preceded by a + backslash). mmaann will parse $MMAANNOOPPTT prior to + parsing its own command line. Those options re‐ + quiring an argument will be overridden by the + same options found on the command line. To reset + all of the options set in $MMAANNOOPPTT, --DD can be + specified as the initial command line option. + This will allow man to "forget" about the options + specified in $MMAANNOOPPTT, although they must still + have been valid. + + Manual pages are normally stored in nnrrooffff(1) for‐ + mat under a directory such as _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e_/_m_a_n. In + some installations, there may also be preformat‐ + ted _c_a_t _p_a_g_e_s to improve performance. See mmaann‐‐ + ppaatthh(5) for details of where these files are + stored. + + This package supports manual pages in multiple + languages, controlled by your _l_o_c_a_l_e. If your + system did not set this up for you automatically, + then you may need to set $LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS, $LLAANNGG, or + another system-dependent environment variable to + indicate your preferred locale, usually specified + in the PPOOSSIIXX format: + + <_l_a_n_g_u_a_g_e>[__<_t_e_r_r_i_t_o_r_y>[..<_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_-_s_e_t>[,,<_v_e_r_‐ + _s_i_o_n>]]] + + If the desired page is available in your _l_o_c_a_l_e, + it will be displayed in lieu of the standard + (usually American English) page. + + If you find that the translations supplied with + this package are not available in your native + language and you would like to supply them, + please contact the maintainer who will be coordi‐ + nating such activity. + + Individual manual pages are normally written and + maintained by the maintainers of the program, + function, or other topic that they document, and + are not included with this package. If you find + that a manual page is missing or inadequate, + please report that to the maintainers of the + package in question. + + For information regarding other features and ex‐ + tensions available with this manual pager, please + read the documents supplied with the package. + +DDEEFFAAUULLTTSS + The order of sections to search may be overridden + by the environment variable $MMAANNSSEECCTT or by the + SSEECCTTIIOONN directive in _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_n_p_a_t_h_._c_o_n_f_i_g. By de‐ + fault it is as follows: + + 1 n l 8 3 2 3posix 3pm 3perl 3am 5 4 9 6 7 + + The formatted manual page is displayed using a + _p_a_g_e_r. This can be specified in a number of + ways, or else will fall back to a default (see + option --PP for details). + + The filters are deciphered by a number of means. + Firstly, the command line option --pp or the envi‐ + ronment variable $MMAANNRROOFFFFSSEEQQ is interrogated. If + --pp was not used and the environment variable was + not set, the initial line of the nroff file is + parsed for a preprocessor string. To contain a + valid preprocessor string, the first line must + resemble + + ''\\"" + + where ssttrriinngg can be any combination of letters + described by option --pp below. + + If none of the above methods provide any filter + information, a default set is used. + + A formatting pipeline is formed from the filters + and the primary formatter (nnrrooffff or [ttgg]rrooffff with + --tt) and executed. Alternatively, if an exe‐ + cutable program _m_a_n_d_b___n_f_m_t (or _m_a_n_d_b___t_f_m_t with + --tt) exists in the man tree root, it is executed + instead. It gets passed the manual source file, + the preprocessor string, and optionally the de‐ + vice specified with --TT or --EE as arguments. + +OOPPTTIIOONNSS + Non-argument options that are duplicated either + on the command line, in $MMAANNOOPPTT, or both, are not + harmful. For options that require an argument, + each duplication will override the previous argu‐ + ment value. + + GGeenneerraall ooppttiioonnss + --CC _f_i_l_e, ----ccoonnffiigg--ffiillee==_f_i_l_e + Use this user configuration file rather + than the default of _~_/_._m_a_n_p_a_t_h. + + --dd, ----ddeebbuugg + Print debugging information. + + --DD, ----ddeeffaauulltt + This option is normally issued as the very + first option and resets mmaann''ss behaviour to + its default. Its use is to reset those + options that may have been set in $MMAANNOOPPTT. + Any options that follow --DD will have their + usual effect. + + ----wwaarrnniinnggss[=_w_a_r_n_i_n_g_s] + Enable warnings from _g_r_o_f_f. This may be + used to perform sanity checks on the + source text of manual pages. _w_a_r_n_i_n_g_s is + a comma-separated list of warning names; + if it is not supplied, the default is + "mac". See the “Warnings” node in iinnffoo + ggrrooffff for a list of available warning + names. + + MMaaiinn mmooddeess ooff ooppeerraattiioonn + --ff, ----wwhhaattiiss + Equivalent to wwhhaattiiss. Display a short de‐ + scription from the manual page, if avail‐ + able. See wwhhaattiiss(1) for details. + + --kk, ----aapprrooppooss + Equivalent to aapprrooppooss. Search the short + manual page descriptions for keywords and + display any matches. See aapprrooppooss(1) for + details. + + --KK, ----gglloobbaall--aapprrooppooss + Search for text in all manual pages. This + is a brute-force search, and is likely to + take some time; if you can, you should + specify a section to reduce the number of + pages that need to be searched. Search + terms may be simple strings (the default), + or regular expressions if the ----rreeggeexx op‐ + tion is used. + + Note that this searches the _s_o_u_r_c_e_s of the + manual pages, not the rendered text, and + so may include false positives due to + things like comments in source files. + Searching the rendered text would be much + slower. + + --ll, ----llooccaall--ffiillee + Activate "local" mode. Format and display + local manual files instead of searching + through the system's manual collection. + Each manual page argument will be inter‐ + preted as an nroff source file in the cor‐ + rect format. No cat file is produced. If + '-' is listed as one of the arguments, in‐ + put will be taken from stdin. When this + option is not used, and man fails to find + the page required, before displaying the + error message, it attempts to act as if + this option was supplied, using the name + as a filename and looking for an exact + match. + + --ww, ----wwhheerree, ----ppaatthh, ----llooccaattiioonn + Don't actually display the manual page, + but do print the location of the source + nroff file that would be formatted. If + the --aa option is also used, then print the + locations of all source files that match + the search criteria. + + --WW, ----wwhheerree--ccaatt, ----llooccaattiioonn--ccaatt + Don't actually display the manual page, + but do print the location of the prefor‐ + matted cat file that would be displayed. + If the --aa option is also used, then print + the locations of all preformatted cat + files that match the search criteria. + + If --ww and --WW are both used, then print + both source file and cat file separated by + a space. If all of --ww, --WW, and --aa are + used, then do this for each possible + match. + + --cc, ----ccaattmmaann + This option is not for general use and + should only be used by the ccaattmmaann program. + + --RR _e_n_c_o_d_i_n_g, ----rreeccooddee=_e_n_c_o_d_i_n_g + Instead of formatting the manual page in + the usual way, output its source converted + to the specified _e_n_c_o_d_i_n_g. If you already + know the encoding of the source file, you + can also use mmaannccoonnvv(1) directly. How‐ + ever, this option allows you to convert + several manual pages to a single encoding + without having to explicitly state the en‐ + coding of each, provided that they were + already installed in a structure similar + to a manual page hierarchy. + + Consider using mmaann--rreeccooddee(1) instead for + converting multiple manual pages, since it + has an interface designed for bulk conver‐ + sion and so can be much faster. + + FFiinnddiinngg mmaannuuaall ppaaggeess + --LL _l_o_c_a_l_e, ----llooccaallee==_l_o_c_a_l_e + mmaann will normally determine your current + locale by a call to the C function sseettlloo‐‐ + ccaallee(3) which interrogates various envi‐ + ronment variables, possibly including + $LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS and $LLAANNGG. To temporarily + override the determined value, use this + option to supply a _l_o_c_a_l_e string directly + to mmaann. Note that it will not take effect + until the search for pages actually be‐ + gins. Output such as the help message + will always be displayed in the initially + determined locale. + + --mm _s_y_s_t_e_m[,...], ----ssyysstteemmss==_s_y_s_t_e_m[,...] + If this system has access to other operat‐ + ing system's manual pages, they can be ac‐ + cessed using this option. To search for a + manual page from NewOS's manual page col‐ + lection, use the option --mm NNeewwOOSS. + + The _s_y_s_t_e_m specified can be a combination + of comma delimited operating system names. + To include a search of the native operat‐ + ing system's manual pages, include the + system name mmaann in the argument string. + This option will override the $SSYYSSTTEEMM en‐ + vironment variable. + + --MM _p_a_t_h, ----mmaannppaatthh==_p_a_t_h + Specify an alternate manpath to use. By + default, mmaann uses mmaannppaatthh derived code to + determine the path to search. This option + overrides the $MMAANNPPAATTHH environment vari‐ + able and causes option --mm to be ignored. + + A path specified as a manpath must be the + root of a manual page hierarchy structured + into sections as described in the man-db + manual (under "The manual page system"). + To view manual pages outside such hierar‐ + chies, see the --ll option. + + --SS _l_i_s_t, --ss _l_i_s_t, ----sseeccttiioonnss==_l_i_s_t + The given _l_i_s_t is a colon- or comma-sepa‐ + rated list of sections, used to determine + which manual sections to search and in + what order. This option overrides the + $MMAANNSSEECCTT environment variable. (The --ss + spelling is for compatibility with System + V.) + + --ee _s_u_b_-_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n, ----eexxtteennssiioonn==_s_u_b_-_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n + Some systems incorporate large packages of + manual pages, such as those that accompany + the TTccll package, into the main manual page + hierarchy. To get around the problem of + having two manual pages with the same name + such as eexxiitt(3), the TTccll pages were usu‐ + ally all assigned to section ll. As this + is unfortunate, it is now possible to put + the pages in the correct section, and to + assign a specific "extension" to them, in + this case, eexxiitt(3tcl). Under normal oper‐ + ation, mmaann will display eexxiitt(3) in prefer‐ + ence to eexxiitt(3tcl). To negotiate this + situation and to avoid having to know + which section the page you require resides + in, it is now possible to give mmaann a _s_u_b_- + _e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n string indicating which package + the page must belong to. Using the above + example, supplying the option --ee ttccll to + mmaann will restrict the search to pages hav‐ + ing an extension of **ttccll. + + --ii, ----iiggnnoorree--ccaassee + Ignore case when searching for manual + pages. This is the default. + + --II, ----mmaattcchh--ccaassee + Search for manual pages case-sensitively. + + ----rreeggeexx + Show all pages with any part of either + their names or their descriptions matching + each _p_a_g_e argument as a regular expres‐ + sion, as with aapprrooppooss(1). Since there is + usually no reasonable way to pick a "best" + page when searching for a regular expres‐ + sion, this option implies --aa. + + ----wwiillddccaarrdd + Show all pages with any part of either + their names or their descriptions matching + each _p_a_g_e argument using shell-style wild‐ + cards, as with aapprrooppooss(1) ----wwiillddccaarrdd. The + _p_a_g_e argument must match the entire name + or description, or match on word bound‐ + aries in the description. Since there is + usually no reasonable way to pick a "best" + page when searching for a wildcard, this + option implies --aa. + + ----nnaammeess--oonnllyy + If the ----rreeggeexx or ----wwiillddccaarrdd option is + used, match only page names, not page de‐ + scriptions, as with wwhhaattiiss(1). Otherwise, + no effect. + + --aa, ----aallll + By default, mmaann will exit after displaying + the most suitable manual page it finds. + Using this option forces mmaann to display + all the manual pages with names that match + the search criteria. + + --uu, ----uuppddaattee + This option causes mmaann to update its data‐ + base caches of installed manual pages. + This is only needed in rare situations, + and it is normally better to run mmaannddbb(8) + instead. + + ----nnoo--ssuubbppaaggeess + By default, mmaann will try to interpret + pairs of manual page names given on the + command line as equivalent to a single + manual page name containing a hyphen or an + underscore. This supports the common pat‐ + tern of programs that implement a number + of subcommands, allowing them to provide + manual pages for each that can be accessed + using similar syntax as would be used to + invoke the subcommands themselves. For + example: + + $ man -aw git diff + /usr/share/man/man1/git-diff.1.gz + + To disable this behaviour, use the + ----nnoo--ssuubbppaaggeess option. + + $ man -aw --no-subpages git diff + /usr/share/man/man1/git.1.gz + /usr/share/man/man3/Git.3pm.gz + /usr/share/man/man1/diff.1.gz + + CCoonnttrroolllliinngg ffoorrmmaatttteedd oouuttppuutt + --PP _p_a_g_e_r, ----ppaaggeerr==_p_a_g_e_r + Specify which output pager to use. By de‐ + fault, mmaann uses ppaaggeerr, falling back to ccaatt + if ppaaggeerr is not found or is not exe‐ + cutable. This option overrides the $MMAANN‐‐ + PPAAGGEERR environment variable, which in turn + overrides the $PPAAGGEERR environment variable. + It is not used in conjunction with --ff or + --kk. + + The value may be a simple command name or + a command with arguments, and may use + shell quoting (backslashes, single quotes, + or double quotes). It may not use pipes + to connect multiple commands; if you need + that, use a wrapper script, which may take + the file to display either as an argument + or on standard input. + + --rr _p_r_o_m_p_t, ----pprroommpptt==_p_r_o_m_p_t + If a recent version of lleessss is used as the + pager, mmaann will attempt to set its prompt + and some sensible options. The default + prompt looks like + + MMaannuuaall ppaaggee _n_a_m_e((_s_e_c)) lliinnee _x + + where _n_a_m_e denotes the manual page name, + _s_e_c denotes the section it was found under + and _x the current line number. This is + achieved by using the $LLEESSSS environment + variable. + + Supplying --rr with a string will override + this default. The string may contain the + text $$MMAANN__PPNN which will be expanded to the + name of the current manual page and its + section name surrounded by "(" and ")". + The string used to produce the default + could be expressed as + + \\ MMaannuuaall\\ ppaaggee\\ \\$$MMAANN__PPNN\\ ??lltt‐‐ + lliinnee\\ %%lltt??LL//%%LL..:: + bbyyttee\\ %%bbBB??ss//%%ss....??\\ ((EENNDD))::??ppBB\\ %%ppBB\\\\%%.... + ((pprreessss hh ffoorr hheellpp oorr qq ttoo qquuiitt)) + + It is broken into three lines here for the + sake of readability only. For its meaning + see the lleessss(1) manual page. The prompt + string is first evaluated by the shell. + All double quotes, back-quotes and back‐ + slashes in the prompt must be escaped by a + preceding backslash. The prompt string + may end in an escaped $ which may be fol‐ + lowed by further options for less. By de‐ + fault mmaann sets the --iixx88 options. + + The $MMAANNLLEESSSS environment variable de‐ + scribed below may be used to set a default + prompt string if none is supplied on the + command line. + + --77, ----aasscciiii + When viewing a pure _a_s_c_i_i(7) manual page + on a 7 bit terminal or terminal emulator, + some characters may not display correctly + when using the _l_a_t_i_n_1(7) device descrip‐ + tion with GGNNUU nnrrooffff. This option allows + pure _a_s_c_i_i manual pages to be displayed in + _a_s_c_i_i with the _l_a_t_i_n_1 device. It will not + translate any _l_a_t_i_n_1 text. The following + table shows the translations performed: + some parts of it may only be displayed + properly when using GGNNUU nnrrooffff's _l_a_t_i_n_1(7) + device. + + Description Octal latin1 ascii + ───────────────────────────────────── + continua‐ 255 ‐ - + tion hyphen + bullet 267 • o + (middle + dot) + + acute ac‐ 264 ´ ' + cent + multiplica‐ 327 × x + tion sign + + If the _l_a_t_i_n_1 column displays correctly, + your terminal may be set up for _l_a_t_i_n_1 + characters and this option is not neces‐ + sary. If the _l_a_t_i_n_1 and _a_s_c_i_i columns are + identical, you are reading this page using + this option or mmaann did not format this + page using the _l_a_t_i_n_1 device description. + If the _l_a_t_i_n_1 column is missing or cor‐ + rupt, you may need to view manual pages + with this option. + + This option is ignored when using options + --tt, --HH, --TT, or --ZZ and may be useless for + nnrrooffff other than GGNNUU''ss. + + --EE _e_n_c_o_d_i_n_g, ----eennccooddiinngg=_e_n_c_o_d_i_n_g + Generate output for a character encoding + other than the default. For backward com‐ + patibility, _e_n_c_o_d_i_n_g may be an nnrrooffff de‐ + vice such as aasscciiii, llaattiinn11, or uuttff88 as + well as a true character encoding such as + UUTTFF--88. + + ----nnoo--hhyypphheennaattiioonn, ----nnhh + Normally, nnrrooffff will automatically hyphen‐ + ate text at line breaks even in words that + do not contain hyphens, if it is necessary + to do so to lay out words on a line with‐ + out excessive spacing. This option dis‐ + ables automatic hyphenation, so words will + only be hyphenated if they already contain + hyphens. + + If you are writing a manual page and sim‐ + ply want to prevent nnrrooffff from hyphenating + a word at an inappropriate point, do not + use this option, but consult the nnrrooffff + documentation instead; for instance, you + can put "\%" inside a word to indicate + that it may be hyphenated at that point, + or put "\%" at the start of a word to pre‐ + vent it from being hyphenated. + + ----nnoo--jjuussttiiffiiccaattiioonn, ----nnjj + Normally, nnrrooffff will automatically justify + text to both margins. This option dis‐ + ables full justification, leaving justi‐ + fied only to the left margin, sometimes + called "ragged-right" text. + + If you are writing a manual page and sim‐ + ply want to prevent nnrrooffff from justifying + certain paragraphs, do not use this op‐ + tion, but consult the nnrrooffff documentation + instead; for instance, you can use the + ".na", ".nf", ".fi", and ".ad" requests to + temporarily disable adjusting and filling. + + --pp _s_t_r_i_n_g, ----pprreepprroocceessssoorr==_s_t_r_i_n_g + Specify the sequence of preprocessors to + run before nnrrooffff or ttrrooffff/ggrrooffff. Not all + installations will have a full set of pre‐ + processors. Some of the preprocessors and + the letters used to designate them are: + eeqqnn (ee), ggrraapp (gg), ppiicc (pp), ttbbll (tt), + vvggrriinndd (vv), rreeffeerr (rr). This option over‐ + rides the $MMAANNRROOFFFFSSEEQQ environment vari‐ + able. zzssooeelliimm is always run as the very + first preprocessor. + + --tt, ----ttrrooffff + Use _g_r_o_f_f _-_m_a_n_d_o_c to format the manual + page to stdout. This option is not re‐ + quired in conjunction with --HH, --TT, or --ZZ. + + --TT[_d_e_v_i_c_e], ----ttrrooffff--ddeevviiccee[=_d_e_v_i_c_e] + This option is used to change ggrrooffff (or + possibly ttrrooffff''ss) output to be suitable + for a device other than the default. It + implies --tt. Examples (provided with + Groff-1.17) include ddvvii, llaattiinn11, ppss, uuttff88, + XX7755 and XX110000. + + --HH[_b_r_o_w_s_e_r], ----hhttmmll[=_b_r_o_w_s_e_r] + This option will cause ggrrooffff to produce + HTML output, and will display that output + in a web browser. The choice of browser + is determined by the optional _b_r_o_w_s_e_r ar‐ + gument if one is provided, by the $BBRROOWWSSEERR + environment variable, or by a compile-time + default if that is unset (usually llyynnxx). + This option implies --tt, and will only work + with GGNNUU ttrrooffff. + + --XX[_d_p_i], ----ggxxddiittvviieeww[=_d_p_i] + This option displays the output of ggrrooffff + in a graphical window using the ggxxddiittvviieeww + program. The _d_p_i (dots per inch) may be + 75, 75-12, 100, or 100-12, defaulting to + 75; the -12 variants use a 12-point base + font. This option implies --TT with the + X75, X75-12, X100, or X100-12 device re‐ + spectively. + + --ZZ, ----ddiittrrooffff + ggrrooffff will run ttrrooffff and then use an ap‐ + propriate post-processor to produce output + suitable for the chosen device. If _g_r_o_f_f + _-_m_a_n_d_o_c is ggrrooffff, this option is passed to + ggrrooffff and will suppress the use of a post- + processor. It implies --tt. + + GGeettttiinngg hheellpp + --??, ----hheellpp + Print a help message and exit. + + ----uussaaggee + Print a short usage message and exit. + + --VV, ----vveerrssiioonn + Display version information. + +EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS + 00 Successful program execution. + + 11 Usage, syntax or configuration file error. + + 22 Operational error. + + 33 A child process returned a non-zero exit + status. + + 1166 At least one of the pages/files/keywords + didn't exist or wasn't matched. + +EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT + MMAANNPPAATTHH + If $MMAANNPPAATTHH is set, its value is used as + the path to search for manual pages. + + MMAANNRROOFFFFOOPPTT + Every time mmaann invokes the formatter + (nnrrooffff, ttrrooffff, or ggrrooffff), it adds the con‐ + tents of $MMAANNRROOFFFFOOPPTT to the formatter's + command line. + + MMAANNRROOFFFFSSEEQQ + If $MMAANNRROOFFFFSSEEQQ is set, its value is used + to determine the set of preprocessors to + pass each manual page through. The de‐ + fault preprocessor list is system depen‐ + dent. + + MMAANNSSEECCTT + If $MMAANNSSEECCTT is set, its value is a colon- + delimited list of sections and it is used + to determine which manual sections to + search and in what order. The default is + "1 n l 8 3 2 3posix 3pm 3perl 3am 5 4 9 6 + 7", unless overridden by the SSEECCTTIIOONN di‐ + rective in _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_n_p_a_t_h_._c_o_n_f_i_g. + + MMAANNPPAAGGEERR, PPAAGGEERR + If $MMAANNPPAAGGEERR or $PPAAGGEERR is set ($MMAANNPPAAGGEERR + is used in preference), its value is used + as the name of the program used to display + the manual page. By default, ppaaggeerr is + used, falling back to ccaatt if ppaaggeerr is not + found or is not executable. + + The value may be a simple command name or + a command with arguments, and may use + shell quoting (backslashes, single quotes, + or double quotes). It may not use pipes + to connect multiple commands; if you need + that, use a wrapper script, which may take + the file to display either as an argument + or on standard input. + + MMAANNLLEESSSS + If $MMAANNLLEESSSS is set, its value will be used + as the default prompt string for the lleessss + pager, as if it had been passed using the + --rr option (so any occurrences of the text + $$MMAANN__PPNN will be expanded in the same way). + For example, if you want to set the prompt + string unconditionally to “my prompt + string”, set $MMAANNLLEESSSS to + ‘--PPssmmyy pprroommpptt ssttrriinngg’. Using the --rr op‐ + tion overrides this environment variable. + + BBRROOWWSSEERR + If $BBRROOWWSSEERR is set, its value is a colon- + delimited list of commands, each of which + in turn is used to try to start a web + browser for mmaann ----hhttmmll. In each command, + _%_s is replaced by a filename containing + the HTML output from ggrrooffff, _%_% is replaced + by a single percent sign (%), and _%_c is + replaced by a colon (:). + + SSYYSSTTEEMM If $SSYYSSTTEEMM is set, it will have the same + effect as if it had been specified as the + argument to the --mm option. + + MMAANNOOPPTT If $MMAANNOOPPTT is set, it will be parsed prior + to mmaann''ss command line and is expected to + be in a similar format. As all of the + other mmaann specific environment variables + can be expressed as command line options, + and are thus candidates for being included + in $MMAANNOOPPTT it is expected that they will + become obsolete. N.B. All spaces that + should be interpreted as part of an op‐ + tion's argument must be escaped. + + MMAANNWWIIDDTTHH + If $MMAANNWWIIDDTTHH is set, its value is used as + the line length for which manual pages + should be formatted. If it is not set, + manual pages will be formatted with a line + length appropriate to the current terminal + (using the value of $CCOOLLUUMMNNSS, and iiooccttll(2) + if available, or falling back to 80 char‐ + acters if neither is available). Cat + pages will only be saved when the default + formatting can be used, that is when the + terminal line length is between 66 and 80 + characters. + + MMAANN__KKEEEEPP__FFOORRMMAATTTTIINNGG + Normally, when output is not being di‐ + rected to a terminal (such as to a file or + a pipe), formatting characters are dis‐ + carded to make it easier to read the re‐ + sult without special tools. However, if + $MMAANN__KKEEEEPP__FFOORRMMAATTTTIINNGG is set to any non- + empty value, these formatting characters + are retained. This may be useful for + wrappers around mmaann that can interpret + formatting characters. + + MMAANN__KKEEEEPP__SSTTDDEERRRR + Normally, when output is being directed to + a terminal (usually to a pager), any error + output from the command used to produce + formatted versions of manual pages is dis‐ + carded to avoid interfering with the + pager's display. Programs such as ggrrooffff + often produce relatively minor error mes‐ + sages about typographical problems such as + poor alignment, which are unsightly and + generally confusing when displayed along + with the manual page. However, some users + want to see them anyway, so, if + $MMAANN__KKEEEEPP__SSTTDDEERRRR is set to any non-empty + value, error output will be displayed as + usual. + + LLAANNGG, LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS + Depending on system and implementation, + either or both of $LLAANNGG and $LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS + will be interrogated for the current mes‐ + sage locale. mmaann will display its mes‐ + sages in that locale (if available). See + sseettllooccaallee(3) for precise details. + +FFIILLEESS + _/_e_t_c_/_m_a_n_p_a_t_h_._c_o_n_f_i_g + man-db configuration file. + + _/_u_s_r_/_s_h_a_r_e_/_m_a_n + A global manual page hierarchy. + +SSEEEE AALLSSOO + aapprrooppooss(1), ggrrooffff(1), lleessss(1), mmaannppaatthh(1), + nnrrooffff(1), ttrrooffff(1), wwhhaattiiss(1), zzssooeelliimm(1), mmaann‐‐ + ppaatthh(5), mmaann(7), ccaattmmaann(8), mmaannddbb(8) + + Documentation for some packages may be available + in other formats, such as iinnffoo(1) or HTML. + +HHIISSTTOORRYY + 1990, 1991 – Originally written by John W. Eaton + (jwe@che.utexas.edu). + + Dec 23 1992: Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) applied + bug fixes supplied by Willem Kasdorp + (wkasdo@nikhefk.nikef.nl). + + 30th April 1994 – 23rd February 2000: Wilf. + (G.Wilford@ee.surrey.ac.uk) has been developing + and maintaining this package with the help of a + few dedicated people. + + 30th October 1996 – 30th March 2001: Fabrizio Po‐ + lacco maintained and en‐ + hanced this package for the Debian project, with + the help of all the community. + + 31st March 2001 – present day: Colin Watson + is now developing and main‐ + taining man-db. + +2.9.1 2020-02-25 MAN(1) diff --git a/syn b/syn new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5d2e42 --- /dev/null +++ b/syn @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +ASCII(7) Linux Programmer's Manual ASCII(7) + +NNAAMMEE + ascii - ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexa‐ + decimal + +DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN + ASCII is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. + It is a 7-bit code. Many 8-bit codes (e.g., ISO 8859-1) contain + ASCII as their lower half. The international counterpart of + ASCII is known as ISO 646-IRV. + + The following table contains the 128 ASCII characters. + + C program '\X' escapes are noted. + + Oct Dec Hex Char Oct Dec Hex Char + ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── + 000 0 00 NUL '\0' (null character) 100 64 40 @ + 001 1 01 SOH (start of heading) 101 65 41 A + 002 2 02 STX (start of text) 102 66 42 B + 003 3 03 ETX (end of text) 103 67 43 C + 004 4 04 EOT (end of transmission) 104 68 44 D + 005 5 05 ENQ (enquiry) 105 69 45 E + 006 6 06 ACK (acknowledge) 106 70 46 F + 007 7 07 BEL '\a' (bell) 107 71 47 G + 010 8 08 BS '\b' (backspace) 110 72 48 H + 011 9 09 HT '\t' (horizontal tab) 111 73 49 I + 012 10 0A LF '\n' (new line) 112 74 4A J + 013 11 0B VT '\v' (vertical tab) 113 75 4B K + 014 12 0C FF '\f' (form feed) 114 76 4C L + 015 13 0D CR '\r' (carriage ret) 115 77 4D M + 016 14 0E SO (shift out) 116 78 4E N + 017 15 0F SI (shift in) 117 79 4F O + 020 16 10 DLE (data link escape) 120 80 50 P + 021 17 11 DC1 (device control 1) 121 81 51 Q + 022 18 12 DC2 (device control 2) 122 82 52 R + 023 19 13 DC3 (device control 3) 123 83 53 S + 024 20 14 DC4 (device control 4) 124 84 54 T + 025 21 15 NAK (negative ack.) 125 85 55 U + 026 22 16 SYN (synchronous idle) 126 86 56 V + 027 23 17 ETB (end of trans. blk) 127 87 57 W + 030 24 18 CAN (cancel) 130 88 58 X + 031 25 19 EM (end of medium) 131 89 59 Y + 032 26 1A SUB (substitute) 132 90 5A Z + 033 27 1B ESC (escape) 133 91 5B [ + 034 28 1C FS (file separator) 134 92 5C \ '\\' + 035 29 1D GS (group separator) 135 93 5D ] + 036 30 1E RS (record separator) 136 94 5E ^ + 037 31 1F US (unit separator) 137 95 5F _ + 040 32 20 SPACE 140 96 60 ` + 041 33 21 ! 141 97 61 a + 042 34 22 " 142 98 62 b + 043 35 23 # 143 99 63 c + 044 36 24 $ 144 100 64 d + 045 37 25 % 145 101 65 e + 046 38 26 & 146 102 66 f + 047 39 27 ' 147 103 67 g + 050 40 28 ( 150 104 68 h + 051 41 29 ) 151 105 69 i + 052 42 2A * 152 106 6A j + 053 43 2B + 153 107 6B k + 054 44 2C , 154 108 6C l + + 055 45 2D - 155 109 6D m + 056 46 2E . 156 110 6E n + 057 47 2F / 157 111 6F o + 060 48 30 0 160 112 70 p + 061 49 31 1 161 113 71 q + 062 50 32 2 162 114 72 r + 063 51 33 3 163 115 73 s + 064 52 34 4 164 116 74 t + 065 53 35 5 165 117 75 u + 066 54 36 6 166 118 76 v + 067 55 37 7 167 119 77 w + 070 56 38 8 170 120 78 x + 071 57 39 9 171 121 79 y + 072 58 3A : 172 122 7A z + 073 59 3B ; 173 123 7B { + 074 60 3C < 174 124 7C | + 075 61 3D = 175 125 7D } + 076 62 3E > 176 126 7E ~ + 077 63 3F ? 177 127 7F DEL + + TTaabblleess + For convenience, below are more compact tables in hex and deci‐ + mal. + + 2 3 4 5 6 7 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 + ------------- --------------------------------- + 0: 0 @ P ` p 0: ( 2 < F P Z d n x + 1: ! 1 A Q a q 1: ) 3 = G Q [ e o y + 2: " 2 B R b r 2: * 4 > H R \ f p z + 3: # 3 C S c s 3: ! + 5 ? I S ] g q { + 4: $ 4 D T d t 4: " , 6 @ J T ^ h r | + 5: % 5 E U e u 5: # - 7 A K U _ i s } + 6: & 6 F V f v 6: $ . 8 B L V ` j t ~ + 7: ' 7 G W g w 7: % / 9 C M W a k u DEL + 8: ( 8 H X h x 8: & 0 : D N X b l v + 9: ) 9 I Y i y 9: ' 1 ; E O Y c m w + A: * : J Z j z + B: + ; K [ k { + C: , < L \ l | + D: - = M ] m } + E: . > N ^ n ~ + F: / ? O _ o DEL + +NNOOTTEESS + HHiissttoorryy + An aasscciiii manual page appeared in Version 7 of AT&T UNIX. + + On older terminals, the underscore code is displayed as a left + arrow, called backarrow, the caret is displayed as an up-arrow + and the vertical bar has a hole in the middle. + + Uppercase and lowercase characters differ by just one bit and the + ASCII character 2 differs from the double quote by just one bit, + too. That made it much easier to encode characters mechanically + or with a non-microcontroller-based electronic keyboard and that + pairing was found on old teletypes. + + The ASCII standard was published by the United States of America + Standards Institute (USASI) in 1968. + +SSEEEE AALLSSOO + cchhaarrsseettss(7), iissoo__88885599--11(7), iissoo__88885599--1100(7), iissoo__88885599--1111(7), + iissoo__88885599--1133(7), iissoo__88885599--1144(7), iissoo__88885599--1155(7), iissoo__88885599--1166(7), + iissoo__88885599--22(7), iissoo__88885599--33(7), iissoo__88885599--44(7), iissoo__88885599--55(7), + iissoo__88885599--66(7), iissoo__88885599--77(7), iissoo__88885599--88(7), iissoo__88885599--99(7), + uuttff--88(7) + +CCOOLLOOPPHHOONN + This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux _m_a_n_-_p_a_g_e_s project. + A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, + and the latest version of this page, can be found at + https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/. + +Linux 2016-10-08 ASCII(7) From fa76e6a51669857af1e59ba276a9cf3e1724f004 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Armode <72744344+Armode@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2024 12:56:29 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 5/8] Update dart.yml --- .github/workflows/dart.yml | 22 +++++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/dart.yml b/.github/workflows/dart.yml index 32d3186..17afc5b 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/dart.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/dart.yml @@ -6,38 +6,38 @@ on:"dart.yml" ======= on: branches: "master" - pull_request: "git pull" - branches: [ "main" + pull_request: + branches: "main" >>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 <<<<<<< HEAD -jobs: : {spiral} +jobs: : "spiral" ======= - jobs: {invert} + jobs: "invert" >>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 <<{<<<<< HEAD - build: "{nvert} + build: "Dart.api" ======= - build: {spiral} + build: "invert.api" >>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 -runs on: Dart.SPI +runs on: Dart.api {<<<<< HEAD} container: "spiral" ======= - container: ({invert}) + container: "invert" >>>>>>> 542cb315ebf287f6c8256a30f6bfe406553d9cc9 image: google/dart:latest - steps:${(DART.SPI){Invert/}} + steps:${(DART.api){Invert/}} - uses: actions/checkout@v2 - name: spiral - run: "dart.spi" + run: "dart.api" - name: Run tests - run: launch + run: pub test get } \ No newline at end of file From 9b2b9c041a37a16991a0d68dcd19ea8c049da1b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Armode <72744344+Armode@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2024 12:57:33 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 6/8] Update dart.yml --- .github/workflows/dart.yml | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/dart.yml b/.github/workflows/dart.yml index 17afc5b..466e682 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/dart.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/dart.yml @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -name: Invert.spi +name: Invert.api on:"dart.yml" branches:"main" pull_request: From df1ac75ea3eca64b320b1baaea84737f901b99e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Armode <72744344+Armode@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2024 12:58:42 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 7/8] Update dart.yml --- .github/workflows/dart.yml | 5 ++--- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/.github/workflows/dart.yml b/.github/workflows/dart.yml index 466e682..1b8bb80 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/dart.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/dart.yml @@ -35,9 +35,8 @@ runs on: Dart.api steps:${(DART.api){Invert/}} - uses: actions/checkout@v2 - - name: spiral + - name: "spiral" run: "dart.api" - name: Run tests - run: pub test get + run: pub test -} \ No newline at end of file From bd39d801dd38ae0b2368ea9aa66ec3e07e9a3edf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Armode <72744344+Armode@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 02:48:09 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 8/8] Update launch.json --- .vscode/launch.json | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/.vscode/launch.json b/.vscode/launch.json index 4aeafb9..0713b76 100644 --- a/.vscode/launch.json +++ b/.vscode/launch.json @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -{ + // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes. // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes. // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387 @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-file intel", "ignoreFailures": true } - ] + }, { "args": [ "generator" @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ }, { "name": "(gdb) Pipe Attach", - "type": "ru", + "type": "act", "request": "attach", "program": "enter program name, for example ${workspaceFolder}/a.out", "processId": "${command:pickRemoteProcess}", @@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ }], "pipeCwd": { "version": "0.2.0", - "configurations": [invert], - "compounds": [spiral.log] + "configurations": [mirror], + "compounds": [sha.log] }" }, "MIMode": "gdb",